The Importance Of Comprental Parenting Practices And The Effect On Child Development

Psychologists have always debated the role of parenting styles and their influence on the development of children. Parenting styles can be defined as the psychological construct representing the basic strategies that parent use in raising their child (Matsumoto, Juang 2013 p.69). Parenting styles encompass two major aspects of parting those being parental responsiveness and paternal demanding. Paternal responsiveness is essentially the extent at which a parent fosters individuality, self-regulation, and self-assertion. While paternal demanding is the measure of which the parent makes the child

Parenting styles were developed by Diana Baumrind in 1966 at the University of California at Berkeley (Diana Divecha Ph.D, 2015). Baumrind used a model of demands and responsiveness to determine three types of parenting styles. These styles were authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting. Because permissive parenting lacks in demand and discipline, it will not be discussed in this essay. In Baumrind’s model, demands refers to the amount of control parents exert onto and expect from their children. Responsiveness refers to how a parent nurtures and empathizes with their child. Parents with high demands and high responsiveness follow the authoritative parenting style. On

Within the outline of attachment theory, Mary Ainsworth was the first to provide a detailed description of maternal sensitivity. Maternal sensitivity is a mother 's ability to perceive and understand the meaning behind her infant 's behavioral signals, and to respond to them quickly and appropriately. In study with 73 mothers and their second-born child, stability and main-level differences between measures of maternal sensitivity across settings and over time were studied. Maternal sensitivity was considered at three and six months during bathing, free play on mother’s lap and the starting point and gathering episode of the Still Face Paradigm. Harsh discipline was predicted by maternal sensitivity at three months, which was fully mediated by maternal sensitivity at six months. The widespread attention for sensitive parenting behavior is certainly not without ground, since many studies have shown major relationships between maternal sensitivity and a variety of positive outcomes such as secure attachment, self-regulation, social functioning, and cognitive competence. What started with Ainsworth’s elaborate full-day observation developed into more well-organized methods used across a variety of settings ranging from natural daily routines to play and stress-encouraging patterns.

Researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960’s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrid, D. (1967) child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs, 75, 43-88). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting; disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental psychology, 28, 1006-1017)

Webster’s dictionary defines parenting as the process of raising and educating a child from birth until adulthood. As someone who parented four biological children, and earned the title of grandma, I can offer a lot of personal insight into the subject of parenting, and my first pearl of wisdom is that parenting is harder than one would think. Children do not come with an operation manual and it usually only takes new parents only a few days before they realize how blissfully delusional they were. Naturally, well meaning parents who understand the implications of their influence on shaping their child into happy, healthy, and successful adults, are naturally humbled with the awesome responsibility, and seek to develop a parenting strategy with positive empirical results.

• Evaluate the different types of parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood.

It is interesting how much impact a particular parenting style can have on a child’s wellbeing and development throughout the child’s life, including adulthood. According to Kol (2016), the parenting style can influence children aged 5-6 years and their social skills. The author conducted a study of 231 students in that age group and used two different surveys to identify the parenting style of the parent and the social skills of the child. Kol (2016) found that children with parents who practice the democratic style of parenting, which is similar to that of the authoritative practice, had the best social skills for that cohort. The over-protective style had the most negative impact on a child’s social skills. Passive and authoritarian also

There are several parenting styles which guide children throughout their life. These parenting styles can be either good or bad and this will have an effect on the child; either a positive or a negative one. This essay investigates the parenting styles from which emerge questions about the role of the mother and the father. It also focuses on the ways that either too much mothering or too much fathering might have an effect on the child’s identity later on in its life.

Multidisciplinary research has documented that parenting strategies influence children's cigarette use. Extending the extant literature, this article develops an integrative model that examines the effect of parenting strategies on children's smoking progression, in which children's self-esteem plays the role of mediator. The authors validate this model using longitudinal panel data from parents and children ages 10–17. The primary findings are that parenting strategies influence children's smoking development and that the impact of these strategies is mediated by the child's self-esteem trajectory, particularly for the rate of increase in smoking. Parental responsiveness decreases children's smoking development by enhancing the child's initial self-esteem and reducing the natural rate of deterioration in self-esteem, while psychological control increases smoking development both directly and

Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s

The writer chose to volunteer at the Child Advocacy and Parenting Place in Wilmington at 1403 S. 39th St and the phone number is 910-791-1057. The writer was supervised by Lauren Clark, Program Supervisor and Callie Capps, Children’s Programs Facilitator and Group Leader. Lauren is in charge of the Strengthening Families Program for parents of children ages six to eleven. The program is held at Snipes Academy of the Arts. The writer assists the CAPP staff at the Strengthening Families Program from 2:00-6:30pm every Monday afternoon. The writer has volunteered on Monday October 14th, Monday October 21st, Monday October 26th and Monday November 4th and plans to continue until the program is over. Each week the writer observed a new clients attending the program. The program begins with a family meal before the parents attend an hour session with each other talking about goals they need to meet with their children. For the last hour of the program, the parents and children to practice skills and do family projects. The writer thinks the CAPP program is a helpful way to teach parents how to improve their relationship with their children and increase positive parenting skills.

Experimental data suggest that the past experiences of the mother are a major determinant in molding her care-giving role. Children use adults, especially loved and powerful adults, as models for their own behaviour. Children development literature, states that the powerful process of imitation or modelling socially inclines children. Kennell and Klaus explain that unless adults consciously and painstakingly reexamine these learned behaviours, they will unconsciously repeat them when they become parents (Kennell and Klaus 11). Thus the way a woman was raised, which includes the practices of her culture and the individual idiosyncrasies of her own mother's child raising practices greatly influences her behaviour toward her own infant. Bob Brazelton in The Early Mother-Infant Adjustment says that, "It may seem to many that attachment to a small baby will come naturally and to make too much of it could be a mistake... but there are many, many women who have a difficult time making this adjustment...(Brazelton 10). He points out that we must understand the ingredients of attachment in order to help, because each mother-child dyad is unique and has individual needs of it's own (Brazelton 12).

By the time one is finished reading this essay, the human population will have grown substantially by the births of babies throughout the world (United States Census Bureau). Once a child is brought into this world, it is up to their parents, guardians or caregivers to raise them in whatever way they deem necessary, which varies from child to child. Moreover, the race and ethnicity of child-bearing and child-rearing is an area of research that I found very thought provoking within this class. Child-rearing is the raising and parenting of children; child-bearing is the act of producing or bringing forth children (“Dictionary.com”).

Diana Baumrind is a researcher who focused on the classification of parenting styles. Baumrind’s research is known as Baumrind’s parenting typology”. In her research, she found what she considered to be the four basic elements that could help shape successful parenting: responsiveness vs. unresponsiveness and demanding vs. undemanding. Parental responsiveness refers to the degree to which the parent responds to the child's needs in a supportive and accepting manner. Through her studies Baumrind identified three initial parenting styles: Authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting. Baumrind believed that parents should be neither punitive nor aloof. Rather, they should develop rules for their children and be affectionate with them. These parenting styles are meant to describe normal variations in parenting, not deviant parenting, such as might be observed in abusive homes. In addition, parenting stress can often cause changes in parental behavior such as inconsistency, increased negative communication, decreased monitoring and/or supervision, setting vague rules or limits on behaviour, being more reactive and less proactive, and engaging in increasingly harsh disciplinary behaviours.

Parenting styles plays a pivotal role in the development, psychological and social cognitive growth which greatly affect a child, to adulthood. We want children to be physical, emotional and intellectual developed from a child to infancy to adulthood. Child rearing styles are practiced across the country. Parents who are considered as influential masterful, caring, the use of praise, and tend apply sensible practical strategies, while still providing a warm and fostering atmosphere and surroundings, will promote for growth and development in infancy (Timpano et al.2015)