The Importance Of EEG Scans

A characteristic related across all mood states is the over activation of the prefrontal cortex. Malfunctions in the frontal cortex may lead to the dysregulation of moods. Mistransmissions on how to react to a situation is a leading possibility to bipolar. Another study shows that the prefrontal cortex of teenagers and young adults have a correlation of abnormalities over time between volume and age. Studies have seen that abnormal connections in the frontal lobe to the limbic system is a factor in bipolar episode changes. (Townsend)

In fact, most mental illnesses constitute a biological impairment of brain function and therefore are visible on functional MRIs. For instance, major depressive disorder is an illness with considerable neurobiological consequences involving structural, functional and molecular changes in multiple areas of the brain.

The results of this study show us the brain is not in fact symmetrical and the two hemispheres in the brain work in different ways. The left hemisphere is known to play the dominant role, which is in control of all complex behavioural and cognitive processes as for the right hemisphere it only plays a minor role. This report will further analyse how different the two hemisphers is the dominant side of the brain.

fMRI scans were performed by using a complex machine with massive specifications, named 4-T whole-body Varian/ Siemens imaging system. Before they start their imaging, the patient’s heart rate was monitored with a fiber-optic pulse oximeter and placed on their head was a radio frequency coil to capture a map of their brain. Each patient is then instructed to lie calmly, breathe through their nose, and allow themselves to focus on the script that the instructors were about to read. Each script would usually last them about 30 seconds. After the script is read, they are encouraged to recall a memory for about 60 seconds and once they start, so does their measurements of their heartbeats. The script is then repeated again after 120 seconds. This method is repeated 3 times.

The human body, especially the brain, is one of the most strange and complex organs known to man. With a unique structure and various neurological pathways, no human being ever has or ever will have quite the same mental processor, though it is possible for two people to become afflicted with the same mental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects “about 2.6% of the U.S. population” every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, “unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks” (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of

Several new methods can improve temporal and spatial resolution in fMRI. A possible methodological change involves focusing on specific regions of interest and ignoring other areas (37), thus increasing temporal resolution by decreasing the number of voxels measured per slice. This method requires a more hypothesis driven approach to fMRI because of the inability to record from the entire brain. Using a staggered single trial design, where

In the control group, the fMRI-LI laterality index was found to correlate significantly with CTT-1 (strong correlation with the percentile score) and with CTT-2 (moderate correlation with the percentile score).

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This techniques assumes that a neuronal activity increases the blood flow. An fMRI can spot the areas of the brain that are used by comparing the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) ‘The fMRI takes advantage of the fact that oxyhemoglobin (the

There are many antidepressant drugs available for the treatment of depression but how can clinicians know which drugs will benefit each patient? Recent studies have shown that patients with depression show various brain wave patterns via quantitative EEG. For example, Ulrich et al (13) found that patients with increased posterior alpha waves responded better to amitriptyline than those without, showing that each patient may have “different pathophysiological and antidepressant response” (Bruder, 2007). Further findings show that alpha and theta wave measures before treating patients with antidepressants will predict whether the patient will respond to the treatment. qEEG studies also show that after receiving treatment, for example, imipramine, some patients showed increase in theta activity three hours later. These were that patients who responded to the treatment while nonresponders did not show this activity.

Researchers analyzed the different structures of the brain that received signals from the amygdala while each subject was being scanned. They found that for healthy patients,

While many people perceive images to be fully reliable, how the image is used is what really determines its validity. In this essay I will be briefly demonstrating the different ways in which fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is used and how this brain imaging technology can help investigate the relationship between biological factors and behaviors of schizophrenia patients. These demonstrations will serve as a buildup to the main focus of this essay: evaluating the use of a specific brain imaging technology, fMRI. The evaluation of fMRI can be measured through the evaluation of studies about schizophrenic patients. How the study case is evaluated also depends partly on the evaluation of the used technology itself. The two

One of the largest trends in neuroscience in the United States today is the usage of a pharmaceutical treatment option for those suffering from depression. While there are a host of other potential treatment options ranging from psychotherapy to electric convulsion therapy (for the most severely depressed patients), anti-depressant medication is far and away the most popular treatment. In fact, in 2011 more than 1 in 10 Americans over the age of 12 was using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in order to combat their depression (Krystal, 2011). The medical and psychological community has had a raging debate regarding the efficacy of SSRI’s since they became widely prescribed in the late 1990’s. This paper will summarize

Title: Evaluate experimental and brain-imaging techniques and consider what they tell us about the brain and cognitive behaviour in typical and atypical individuals.

Both techniques focus on the effects certain things have on the brain. Some of the advantages for one technique is a disadvantage for the other. For fMRI it was found that a non-invasive recording was produced from the brain signals, this can prevent the patients from being exposed to radiation which can put them at risk. Yet this is a disadvantage for PET scans as they don’t have this and the patient can still be put at risk (Barnes, 2013). This essay also included some studies that had been conducted using these brain imaging techniques. Researchers have been able to learn a lot more about the regional blood flow in impaired brain regions, this is because of the PET scans that have been conducted on patients with specific lesions. An example of this would be an amnesic patient with medial temporal lobe lesion (Weiner, Schintra, Velicer, 2003). It has looked at what researchers can gain when using the brain imagining techniques and what they can teach us. It has focused on biological and cognitive behaviour in studies that has used the brain imaging techniques. This essay has looked at how cognitive tasks can help when observing the brain, and how fMRI was used in assessing brain activation from past events (Fukuda,

Stage 1 is the Electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG provides a summary of electro activity from a certain area of the brain. The EEG is also the sum of the electrical activity of all neurons between the two recording electrodes (Garrett,2015). Stage 1 is when one is feeling drowsy and transitioning into a state of sleep (Thien Thanh Dang-Vu, 2017).