The Importance Of Immuno-Oncology

Furthermore, the report states that biosimilars will account for 4% to 10% of the global biologics market total by 2020, depending on how many biosimilars launch in the United States. Globally, revenues from biosimilars have risen from $1.1 million in 2007 to $86.9 million in 2014. There are already 21 approved biosimilars in Europe, and many of the 150 biosimilars in development will also be introduced into the European

Cancer is listed as the second most common cause of death in western countries; particularly, in adults. Though it has a long antiquity, its prevalence and incidence today is pervasive and the war on cancer has not been promising. Malignant neoplasia is characterized by uncontrolled growth and the ability to metastasize or spread from the original site. Cancer results from mutations that promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell adhesion (metastasis). According to the National Cancer Institute (2016), “Cancer can also spread regionally,

Every day medical technology improves, helping us to improve the way we diagnose and treat patients with illnesses, like cancer. Two procedures that have made the detection of breast cancer easier are called Stereotactic Breast Biopsy and Breast Digital Tomosynthesis (D. David Dershaw and Laura Liberman, Steriotactic Breast Biopsy: Indications and Results | Oncology Journal, Breast Cancer Vomplications, 1998:1-7).

According to the Wiley Online Library, there was an estimated number of 1,658,370 cancer cases in the most recent year of 2015. (Seigel, Rebecca) This statistic shows why cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. There need to be a new way to be able to recognize cancer during its early stages and this is where the liquid biopsy comes into action. Liquid biopsy will soon be the leading technology in revealing cancer in patients.

Cancer is described in the Merrium-Webster dictionary as: a serious disease caused by cells that are not normal and that can spread to one or many parts of the body. That does not begin to describe the changes in the histology of the cell or to the body’s systems that cancer causes. Cancer is a small word that describes an all encompassing and ever changing disease. Neuroendocrine cancers are rare, so rare that there are only a handful of oncologists that specialize in them. (Newly…, n.d.) Carcinoid lung tumors are even more uncommon. How can science identify and treat a cancer so unique?

The relatively recent completion of the Human Genome Project has prompted a change in the approach of a lot of the current endeavors by broadening cancer research away from a focus on single genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, to that of the entire genome of the individual.(Pasche & Absher, 2011). Tailoring therapy is a well-entrenched strategy employed when it comes to tackling cancer given that each patient harbors a unique constellation of different permutations that influence the probability, onset, and progression of their disease. The difference in disease prognosis can be mild to severe and is largely driven by the subtle but unique differences in genetic makeup of individuals. High-throughput tools have been developed to analyze nucleic acid and generate data that could help improve diagnosis and treatment of cancers by identifying new potential biomarkers for disease and also potential drug targets for the development of new therapies. This paper explores some of the available technologies that are at the forefront of

Often researches and doctors focus on established views of why cancer develops and what can be done to control it. This article highlights how a change in understanding can lead to some of the biggest advances in cancer screening and treatment. Here’s how TED is rethinking cancer: https://www.ted.com/read/ted-studies/medicine/introductory-essay

“Cancer does not have a face until it’s yours or someone you know.”(Del Monte) Cancer is a worldwide disease that affects each and every person either directly or indirectly. In the human body, there are millions of cells that grow and divide to create new cells as the body needs them. However, when cancer develops, the cells begin to divide uncontrollably creating abnormal cells. According to the Canadian Cancer Foundation, there are over 555 people diagnosed with cancer daily. With that being said, Cancer is a major concern in today’s society that affects everyone, both patients and their loved ones, and requires immediate treatment as a solution.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies

Tumor metastasis, is a major case of cancer-associated mortality, with dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) primarily occurring through the cardiovascular system.1 Therefore CTCs have a promising clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to predict disease progression, survival in metastatic cancer, and early-stage cancer diagnosis.1,2 Due to the various distribution of CTCs within the cardiovascular system, blood samples may need to be collected from various sites according to cancer type.1 The small sample volumes, real time detection, multiplexing capabilities inherent in microfluidic systems offer the opportunity for CTCs separation and detection.3 Most reported microfluidic devices for CTC detection are based on cell-affinity micro-chromatography, magnetic activated micro-cell sorting, size-based microfluidic separation, and dielectrophoresis.3 While the majority of existing systems focused on cell

Cancer is a systemic disease that directly affects the region of onset and can metastasize to other sites, causing a variety of complications and loss of progressive organ function. The development of the disease may be initially slow or rapidly evolving, unavoidably affecting nutritional status (Santarpia et al., 2011). It is essentially a consequence of genetic mutations within a cell, which result in the proliferation of abnormal cells. Cancer represents a major global public health Problem. Worldwide, it accounts for 7.1 million deaths annually (12.6% of the global total); it is the leading cause of death in old age, with more than 70% of cancers occurring in those aged over 65 years (von Meyenfeldt, 2005). The World Health Organization

According to Paget’s hypothesis of ‘seed and soil’, cancer cells (seed) gradually acquire mutations in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes that confer the ability to intravasate, survive in the haematogenous or lymphatic circulation, and prosper in a distant site (soil). This soil would have characteristics that allow the metastatic cell to adhere and proliferate. In humans, certain tumours metastasize to specific organ sites. For example, breast cancers metastasize to lung, liver, bone and brain; melanoma to liver, brain and skin. By contrast, some tumors like glioma do not metastasize, instead migrate along white matter tracks, others such as ovarian tumours are restricted to the peritoneal cavity. Some others such as head and neck cancers only spread to regional lymph nodes. The molecular bases of these differences are poorly if at all understood, but probably have a microenvironmental component. Recent studies mention about the power of transcriptome profiling to identify cohorts of genes of which

Lastly, nanotechnology can help doctors to identify cancer cells in a patient and also they have the opportunity to give early medications to the patients that are diagnosed with cancer cells in their body. Currently, doctors can use nanotechnology to detect the miniscule cancer tumors present in millimeters of saliva and blood. As illustrated in the research done by the Stanford University, “We can now detect just a few cancer-associated molecules or circulating tumor cells in the body in just a few milliliters of blood or saliva, or map the boundaries of a brain tumor within millimeters to assess its response to therapy or to plan a surgery,” Gambhir said. “We’ve specially designed nanoparticles that can send back a massively amplified, whopping signal when they bind to cancer cells in the colon, and we’re working on ways to trigger the self-assembly of nanoparticles when they enter a cancer cell. The field has advanced tremendously in the past 10 to 15 years” (Gambhir). Therefore, if doctors can detect cancer tumors or cancer cells in the body, then they can provide required diagnostics and early treatment to the patient

Cancer is probably one of the most dreaded words in the English language. It is a disease where cells becomes abnormal and start to divide uncontrollably and from tumors. A frightening thing to consider is that some forms of cancer do not show side effects until the advanced stages. When the disease is severe, the treatment is also severe and sometimes chemotherapy and radiation do not work. However, there is hope for a better system of cancer treatment that has shown to have a higher chance of succeeding provided by genetic mapping. Now, there is an option to have tumors genetically mapped so that cancer treatments can be more personalized. Also, because of genetic mapping doctors are making connections and have a greater understanding

Cancer can be seen as a group of diseases with a genetic compound that can affect any part of the body. It is a major cause of death in the world, which is affecting 13% of the population, leading public health problem that comes with an economic burden. When cancer is detected in an early state, there is an increase in the chances of survival but when not, problems will rise up which hinders lack of sensitive thereby, making cancer difficult to locate because of the small amount of circulating cancer cells and low expression of biomarkers or specific molecular markers.