traditional owners of our beautiful land. However, until the last few decades, this hasn’t always been recognised. The Indigenous people of Australia have faced colonization, oppression, the Stolen Generation, and all kinds of disrespect to their cultural heritage. In the Townsville region, the original Indigenous peoples were the Bindal tribes, the Wulgurukaba and the Guru Badhun people heading west inland. Townsville’s development began in 1864, but for years before the Indigenous people faced
discussing three main issues in bilingualism which is: the maintaining children’s first language, social and cognitive benefits, also why bilingualism should be in cooperated into school programming/curriculum. Bilingualism can be defined as the ability to speak and/or write in two languages. In Australia English is the main language although in 1996, statistics show that 15% (2.5 million people) of the Australian population communicate in a language other than English at home and 42% of the population
converse in multiple language. In Espada’s essay, “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School”, he extends bilingualism to include the merging of cultures to sympathize and be immersed in a community. He believes that education’s role is to help ease the mixing of identities. In Rodriguez’s book, Hunger of Memory, he elaborates upon definition of bilingualism and creates his own distinction from Espada’s interpretation. He believes that bilingualism is the coexistence of two identities, a public one
significant because it expresses the importance of maintaining Cherokee cultural ideals as protest towards the United States government. The nine-hundred mile, four month journey that the Southeastern Cherokee tribes were forced to make in the winter of 1838 threatened to wipe out an entire culture. On the journey, approximately four thousand people lost their lives. As this harrowing story is portrayed in the novel, the importance of the language and maintaining the culture of the Cherokee people
classrooms. Though the focus is on English language classes in China, I believe the core message can be applied to second language classes anywhere. The EFL community now acknowledges the importance of culture, however, it’s presence in the curriculum remains sparse for a number of reasons including “lack of time, uncertainty about which aspects of culture to teach, and the lack of practical techniques” (Mao, p. 144). Additionally, the majority of language proficiency tests that score and identify
one of the first widespread languages worldwide. It is taught in almost all countries around the globe due to many reasons such as globalization, media, cinema, etc. English is also regarded as the common ground language with which people from different places in the world communicate, chat, and discuss different issues about their native or mother cultures. The status English gained universally urges one to ask many questions like: Why English and not any other language? Is it a good thing to teach
social process and social interaction. Park argued that assimilation is inevitable in a democratic and industrial society (Healey, 2017, 50). Park strongly believed that when the American society begins to modernize, ethnic and race groups would lose importance. This theory was proven to be true in the European immigrant groups across the 20th century. Due to industrialization, the nature of work in America evolved and changed and created opportunities for upward mobility for white ethnic groups (Healey
The dual identity model embraces both majority and minority groups’ commonalities and their unique cultural differences; and it encourages both groups to take meaningful steps toward better acculturation. Researchers found that members of minority groups with a dual identity who identify with their minority group and acknowledge majority culture tend to be well adjusted, embraced diversity and engaged in healthier life style (Dovidio, Gaertner, & Saguy, 2009). Proposed dual identity model could
Ethnic Identity and the Maintenance of Heritage Languages ‘Neither ethnicity nor mother tongue nor even identities can be treated as things, commodities, that one can choose and discard like an old coat at will’ ~Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (qtd in Fishman 55) Broadly speaking, “language policy” in the United States is thought of as a covert policy. Schiffman (2000) writes of the challenges of researching this field, given that issues of language are usually addressed subordinately to
the significant differences between language and culture. The results of extreme anti-Semitism led to the dehumanisation and de-socialization of the prisoners, who often had limited understanding of the soldiers’ intentions. Further, the prisoners were largely segregated due to the diverse nationalities, religions, and ethnicities. The prisoners were stripped of all possessions and their loved ones, though one facet that