State Mass Killings in Indonesia 1965 to 1966 In order to develop a general framework with which to understand collective political violence, I examine state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. While acknowledging the importance of historical/cultural factors, I identify elements within the sociopolitical sphere that influence actors of collective political violence at national, local, and event- specific levels. Elements discussed are elite interests, justification for violence, formal organizations
Indonesia continues its participation under investment agreements. In this period, Indonesia is less active in signing BITs, but more active in signing multilateral TIPs compare to those in previous era. Indonesia’s BITs have similarities with the previous one particularly related to the definition of investment, protection of investment, treatment of investment, expropriation, compensation for loss and transfer. Some differences of Indonesia’s investment agreements in this period are hereby explained
Indonesia is the world’s third largest democracy and the world’s largest Muslim country. The country is also the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. (G-20, 2015) The bilateral relationship between the United Sates and Indonesia is significant if for no other reason than the first two facts mentioned. The cooperation between the United States and Indonesia (a successful model of a Muslim nation practicing democracy) can have far-reaching effects past Indonesia’s
By 2015, Indonesia was increasingly involved in defence diplomacy. The Indonesian Defence White Paper issued by the current administration in 2015 expresses clearly how defence diplomacy will be used to further Indonesia’s national interests in the defence sector. In its implementation, international cooperation will be employed as its key instrument. Defence diplomacy itself was first included in the Indonesian Defence White Paper in 2008. However, the document only included one mention of defence
Government of Indonesia has attempted to scrap fossil fuel subsidies in Indonesia. However, to this point, these attempts have failed at the implementation stage. This essay will examine challenges of fossil fuel subsidy reform first by outlining the trials of fossil fuel reform efforts in Indonesia, including political and economic factors underpinning problems. It will then discuss the key challenges implementation of these policies entails. Many developing countries, including Indonesia, have subsidized
critically analyse Australia’s international relations with close neighbour Indonesia in terms of how positive their relationship is. Although Australia and Indonesia’s relationship cooperates on many issues including security, economics, education and population development, their diplomatic relationship has recently plunged due to political clashes between the two governments. Howard notes the strengths of the Indonesia-Australian affiliation in how the leaders of each nation in the past have successfully
Indonesia is an archipelago nation consisting of more than 17,000 individual islands. Located primarily in Southeast Asia between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean with some territories located in Oceania. The total area of Indonesia is approximately 1.9 million km2, with a coastline of 81,000 km (CIA 2017). Located in the equatorial zone, Indonesia possesses a Tropical Climate. Weather and climate-related disasters can be common in Indonesia, including occasional floods, droughts, and tsunamis
Australian foreign policy has undoubtedly been subject to vast changes over the past century, particularly as a response to the increasing role Asia has played in shaping the contemporary global market. Having identified the importance of multilateralism and regionalism, policy continue to be increasingly focused on our geographical position as part of the Asia-Pacific region, and the relationships with our immediate neighbours, as a means to better achieve stability. The word stability in this context
Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today Erlangga Rajendra Geography 1500 Dr. Moshe Rapaport Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today The Republic of Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous nation, with a population of 203 million people living on around a thousand permanently occupied islands. The population is constituted by some 200-300 ethnic groups each speaking their own language and dialects. The Indonesian national culture is multicultural and is anchored on the older societies
to point someone with a finger (Makmur, 2002). The fact is Indonesian cultural values do not adapt or include some of the elements in the western societies. Singapore Country profile Singapore is located in Southeast Asia between Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore was part of Malaysia in 1963-1965. The government of Malaysia decided to separate from Singapore in order to avoid further violence between Chinese dominated Singaporean and Malay Muslim communities. Through the 1990s, Singapore experienced