The Importance Of Optical Communication

But then also there are some disadvantages related to OFDM-CDMA systems. To differentiate among different users OFDM-CDMA uses different orthogonal codes and due to this orthogonality distortion occurs among users in frequency selective channel (especially in uplink transmission), which may cause problem of MAI. For MAI problem, MUD is a promising technique which is very complex in practical application. The detectors for OFDM-IDMA system like the linear MMSE detector and other de-correlator have the quadratic complexity with the number of users say K [22]. This quadratic complexity occurs to resolving the correlation operations involved in spreading sequences. The computational prohibitive occur for practical implementation if value of K is large.

Telecommunication uses overlay networks because of the availability of digital circuit switching equipment and optical fiber.

OFDM has been adopted in the Wi-Fi arena where the standards like 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac and more. It has also been chosen for the cellular telecommunications standard LTE / LTE-A, and in addition to this it has been adopted by other standards such as WiMAX and many more.

The graph is taken before carrier phase estimation (CPE) in order to analyse the Phase Noise. The required graph for phase noise in terms of average BER for different filter types with varying filter order are drawn in Figure 4.7(a)-(d). The graph is drawn between the average BER and OSNR which shows that with the increase in OSNR the BER decreases.

Microelectromechanical systems have found wide commercial applications owing to the research and development in this field. For example, arrays of micromechanical mirrors are greatly used in the optical communications industry. Other uses of micromechanical systems include Ink-jet printers and accelerometers which are used in the automobile industry. Advancement in the silicon based fabrication technology has made it possible for a range of MEMs sensors and actuators to be put to practical use. MEMs devices range between a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers. Planar processing technology has made it possible to control a large number of devices in an integrated fashion.

Optical Networks provide a way of transmitting the user signal in an optical medium by converting them into light signals. Recent advances in the optical networking technologies enables the transport networks to be more intelligent and allows more flexibility in multiplexing and switching functions [2].

Principal investigator of this proposed project, Dr. Xiqun Zhu, devotes to the system level design and business development of this product. With similar experience at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, he designed free space wireless optical data transmission systems from concept to system architecture, to transmitter/receiver tracking and aligning mechanism, to fully functional prototype. Then he served as the marketing manager for launching the product. In that role, he gained first hand system level design and product launch experience, including initial technology introduction, customer field trials, general product offerings and introductions, optical power

This paper has a brief explanation of the networking models used in internetworking. The two basic models have been explained. The layers in both the models have been discussed in this paper. The techniques and method used in network recovery after failure have been entertained. Analysis for the most efficient method of network optimization to be used by service providers has been shed light upon in this paper. The various factors that have been considered for determining the network recovery are discussed in this paper. The paper also concludes with the best optimization technique.

Several dynamic bandwidth allocation techniques have been proposed in the research community adopted on different FiWi networks’ architectures, which combine different technologies of optical and wireless networks.

This is the final report for the chosen undergraduate project in the area related to “BEng Telecommunications and Networks Engineering” taught at University of Bedfordshire. It is hereby confirmed that the work done in the report is all owned by the author leaving which is referenced in text and at the end of the report.

Rapid and exponential increases in data communications are continuing to drive the complexity of our computing, networking and sensing systems. Recently OAM has gained much interest in transmission efficiency and spectral efficiency in optical fiber communications with the ability of carrying independent data streams on orthogonal spatial modes. The key factor in the optical fiber communications using OAM is to design and fabrication of the fiber so as to support the the different modes of OAM.while the free space systems can theoretically use an unlimited number of OAM modes. However achieving the full potential of OAM multiplexing requires an efficient and rotation invariant multiplexer and demultiplexer which can be interfaced with single-mode optical components. Fiber based OAM generation and

One of the most interesting developments in recent years in the field of telecommunication is the use of laser light to carry information over large distances. It has been proved in

The field of communications is one in which the technologies are changing on an almost daily basis. Numerous different technologies have been pursued over the past few years; each designed to essentially accomplish several basic purposes in terms of community service. Three of the most actively pursued application include interactive distance learning, video conferencing, and entertainment. While it is the first two, video conferencing and interactive distance learning, which would serve to the best advantage in terms of education and business; it is the last, entertainment which has the most appeal to the largest number of people. The application of various communications applications in

Abstract. Coherent Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) technique is extensively reconnoitered for next generation optical communication system emerges attractive pathway towards future implementation of 1 Tb/s Ethernet systems. This paper proposed the design of 100 Gb/s CO-OFDM system based on the dual polarization of signal. The performance of 100 Gb/s CO-OFDM system using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) format transmitted over 576 km optical link using standard SMF is evaluated. The performance of the system in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), laser linewidth, chromatic dispersion and receiving constellation diagram to accomplish excellent system. Eventually, dual polarization based CO-OFDM system has high spectral efficiency as compared to conventional CO-OFDM and invokes enhance track for the high-speed optical communication system.

Abstract— This paper explains about the Evolution of fiber optic networks in Communications. It describes in detail about the Optics communication model and also detailed MATLAB work on calculating the parameters that are required to setup a optical link. It also emphasizes on different bands employed in Communication systems. The section three of the paper describes briefly regarding Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The SONET networks topology and their hierarchy is also described in this paper. The data rates of Sonet/Sdh and the optical market highlights are described at