The Importance Of Plant Communication And Communication

The content of this section depends to a large extend on the nature of the experiment. Topics here should include a section labelled:

Write theories for each of your experiments performed here. They may not be the same as anyone else!

Symbiotic Mutualisms: Plant provide energy and protection to the fungus while the fungus helps the plant absorb nutrients from the soil.

One widely accepted idea is that of the five senses and we know plants possess some of these senses.“When we smell something, we sense a volatile chemical that’s dissolved in the air, and then react in someway to this smell...When one fruit starts to ripen, it releases this hormone which is called ethylene, which is sensed by neighboring fruits, until entire trees and groves ripen more or less in synchrony”(Garet Cook, Do plants think). Plants can have a sense of smell and can react to it and if having perception means being animate plants must be

War, A., Paulraj, M., Ahmad, T., Buhroo, A., Hussain, B., Ignacimuthu, S. and Sharma, H. (2012). Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores. [online] NCBI. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493419/ [Accessed 10 Mar.

As the quote mentions, the study of plants is really important and can be very exciting. Before digging deeper into the quote from They Came before Columbus by Ivan Van Sertima, I was not aware of how important relationships between plants and their environments were. Simple examples include a cactus to the desert climate, or a more complex example; the sunflower being native to both North and South America. This quote proves that botany is not just a simple science of plants, but very complex, for it opens up information that travels way back in time. Plants have been around since the beginning of life and are very important to the life of humans. The information from the slide titled “Did you know” is extremely important to the world of botany.

Eli’s naturally investigative nature allows him to enjoy hands-on science experiments. However, in his rush to begin experiments he tends to miss key directions leaving him and his group struggling with completing the task at hand. Though it can take more than a session for Eli to complete an experiment, his tenacity and desire to learn, allow him to work through the challenges and succeed in the end. His science notes and lab reports are well organized. Eli’s predictions, observations, and conclusions, as they relate to our science experiments, show an understanding of the material being taught.

All organisms interact with members of the same or different species. Two organisms may interact in such a way as one or both organisms are helped, unchanged, or harmed. Competition results when an interaction between two organisms harms both organisms due to the two organisms competing for limited resources. In the case of plants, the limiting resources they compete for include water, nutrients, light, and heat. The strongest competition usually results from competition between root systems over nutrients and groundwater as compared to competition between shoots (Wilson 279). Knowing the causes and extent of interspecific and intraspecific competition among plants is vital to the agricultural industry because two plants in which the interspecific competition

The traits of being mobile or stationary has effected how these two supergroups respond to stimuli in their environments. Both plants and animals may be affected by similar biotic and abiotic stimuli such as environmental stresses, sunlight,

Land plants can be divided into three different groups. One of these groups are nonvascular plants which include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The other two which are the focus of this paper are vascular seedless plants and vascular seed plants. The difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is that vascular plants have vascular tissue which enables them to grow up and be bigger than nonvascular plants. The difference between seed and seedless vascular plants is the presence of a seed. A seed is defined by the 10th Edition of Campbell Biology as “an adaption of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.” This includes anything from apple seeds to dandelion seeds. The absence or presence of a seed changes how a plant reproduces and also leads to different advantages and disadvantages to the plant.

Plant and microbial interactions are present right from the establishment of land plants. The plants have co-evolved with the microbes since then (Gehrig et al., 1996). A microbial interaction with the plant can have both positive and negative effects on the plant. Due to this, it has gained high agronomic importance in today’s plant science research (Stacey et al., 1996).

for the plant to reject the evasion of the plant beetle, it would need to obtain a gene called

To understand plant intelligence, one must understand the basics of plants. “Plants are found on land, in oceans, and in fresh water. They have been on Earth for millions of years.” Plants were on Earth before animals and there are currently about 260,000 species of plants. There are many of plants throughout the world but there is one thing they all have one thing in common. Photosynthesis. Without photosynthesis plants couldn’t exist. Plants and animals could not survive without each other. Animals, including humans, do the opposite of photosynthesis; we “breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide” meaning “we give plants more carbon dioxide, and they give us more oxygen.” Not only does photosynthesis create oxygen but “photosynthesis is how plants eat.” This process allows plants to create sugars by taking energy from the sun. Since plants are stationary and cannot move to find food , they make

Nutrient availability, plants, and insect herbivores influence community structure and function both aboveground and belowground, but it is unclear whether these factors are independent or interdependent (Wright et al. 2014). Ehrlich and Raven (1964) used butterflies as a model organism to examine coevolution between closely interacting organisms, specifically between plants and insect herbivores. Ehrlich and Raven (1964) noted that structural and mechanical characteristics of plants have the potential to modify these relationships. Additionally, many plants produce secondary metabolic compounds, which may act as repellents to insects and correlate with the presence of nutrients. The chemical composition of plants may change with age, exposure to sunlight, or other environmental factors, and changes in chemical composition may influence the attraction or repulsion of insects to plants (Ehrlich and Raven 1964). According to the study, secondary plant substances played an integral role in determining patterns of plant utilization by various species of butterflies, as well for other phytophagous and parasitic insect groups. Through mutations and recombination, plants were able to produce chemical compounds not directly related to their metabolic pathways. Ehrlich and Raven (1964) noted that some of these compounds appeared to reduce the palatability of the plant. The abundance of phytophagous insects in the tropics may accentuate the rate at which these interactions between

Leaf cutter ants have an ant-fungus mutualism. The ants will nurture the fungus by feeding it leaves and protecting it from pests. If