Altomonte-
The article stats off with talking about the importance of reducing the emissions that are emitted by, and go into building buildings. The article explains the history of global warming, and the science behind the basics of climate change and warming. It stateZs how “humans have changed the chemistry of the atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuels and living matter, bringing about the prospect of global alterations and shifts in the whole terrestrial climate system(Altomonte,2008,pg.97).” It is this reason that the world is experiencing climate change, and though the climate may have been naturally warming since the beginning of time, it was at a pace that was slow enough to species to migrate when they need to, and
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Climate change is expected to negatively affect the future of most developing countries, increasing the pressure on available resources that are associated with urbanisation and industrialisation(102). With these affects in mind, Altomonte explains the mitigation and adaptations strategies to mitigate the possible consequences of climate change. He highlights the issue of buildings, and how they highly contribute to the issue of direct fossil fuel emissions, and therefore it is necessary that buildings reduce their dependency on fossil fuels, curb their energy demands, exploit clean power sources and minimise their wastes(103). Suitable technologies must therefore be integrated into the design of current buildings to guarantee social, economic and environmental growth. Using new design strategies is necessary to create buildings that ensure comfort and health of the staff, as well as do not negatively impact the environment. To create such a building all fields of study must be included, inclduing physchology, climatology and engineering so that there is whole understanding of the necessary features for the building to reduce emissions and include necessary social, econmic and cultural values (106). Altomonte states how these conditions of a new climate, now seem unavoidable(99), but there is solutions to be made to
The majority of the article’s body contrasts the changes in sea levels, temperature increases and decreases, and alterations in precipitation. Although people in opposition to global climate change have asserted that there hasn’t been warming in the last decade, in 2010 scientists confirmed that the previous ten years were the “hottest decade since modern records have been kept.” People use heavy snowfalls as an example that global warming is a myth, yet “scientists have long pointed out that warmer global temperatures have been increasing the rate of evaporation from the oceans, putting significantly more moisture into the atmosphere” which cause heavier falls of snow and rain in certain regions, such as the Northeastern United States. By bringing up these points he is creating logos and using basic knowledge to prove his point.
Being environmentally friendly isn’t merely a trend. After thousands of years of using the earth’s resources, we have finally come to realize that we are destroying this beautiful gift we were honored with. Architects play an influential role in trying to preserve this gift by encouraging a multitude of strategies that can be more cost efficient in the long run, be more comfortable for its users, and most importantly, have a lower carbon footprint. Strategies can include drastic changes to heat and air systems, construction material selections, or even specific design details to the architecture of a building that would reduce the amount of energy it consumes.
McKibben provides statistics which help to strengthen his stance on global warming. He starts the article entitled, “Global Warming's Terrifying New Math” by referring to relatable everyday situations. McKibben wants to influence and inform others about global warming, and with that goal in mind, he needs to grab the reader’s attention with his writing. It’s essential for the author to provide a way to help the readers see that there is an issue occurring with the continual warming of the world. He refers to the increase in peoples “size of AC bills”, and “towering wild fires” as examples in referring to the increasing temperatures (McKibben 1). An increase in an AC bill is an example that is very relatable event in the average renter/home owner’s life. When readers can easily relate to the topic, then they consequently tend to become more sympathetic and understanding of the situation. This tactic is one that McKibben uses many times, and it’s proving to be effective. An example, like this can show people that global warming does affect their everyday lives. It adds realization to the situation. It’s a good opener and the author has the attention of the readers. The opening paragraph also refers to the
Carbon dioxide is accumulating rapidly in the atmosphere, it is extending geographically as much as possible, and it is extremely expensive to fix, not to mention if it worsens. In Goodland’s research, the year 1990 was the warmest year, on record in more than a century, closely followed by the rest of the years of the 90’s. Since Goodland’s essay was written, 2016 was the warmest year ever recorded, followed closely by 2015 and 2014, according to the NOAA. The increase in climate is especially alarming because in the last 10,000 years, temperature did not change more than 2 to 4 degrees and it is currently steadily increasing at least .25 degrees every 10 years! Even though scientists all over the world disagree on the rate at which the world is warming they all agree on one thing: the world, is in fact, warming.
One of my earlier classes discussed how Hurricane Katrina waived away millions of lives and left a furious mark behind. The hurricane was caused because of environmental factors. I was a live witness to the Tsunami that hit Asia few years ago. It not only destroyed lives, but devastated property as well. A developing country like India faced this calamity cause of flooding, soil erosion and climatic changes. It tingled my brain cells to realize we are the ones flushing in carbon dioxide, which malignantly shapes the weather by increasing the warmth. The heat is soaring to extremities and nobody cares. Everybody claims hazards is caused by Mother Nature. Unfortunately, they do not observe the finger pointing to themselves. Hence, Friedman highlights the issues and consequences of Global Warming as evidence and remarks how embracing clean energy sources could light up lives in America. His use of examples, facts and emotional appeals persuades readers to believe the extent of damage we have done to the
This article describes what global warming really is. It tells the extreme effects of climate change that its happening today. It summarizes nicely of what the U.S is doing towards helping fix climate change.
Climate change began in the 1820s with Joseph Fourier and in the 1860s with John Tyndall. Fourier put into motion the “greenhouse effect.” An effect where trapped gasses in the lower atmosphere absorb the sun’s heat. Tyndall found that “greenhouse gasses” cover the earth like a sheet. This is how the earth keeps cool and warm. Yet, too much greenhouse gasses can be futile. During this time, humans did not know that they were the ones causing implications. 100 years later, Svante Arrhenius proposed that “…doubling the CO2 content of the planet’s atmosphere would raise its temperature by 2.5 to 4.0 degrees Celsius” (Frank, para 7). Any slight change in temperature can offset the ecosystem. People began to act to save their planet, but there are still many in denial.
With the development of the economy, more and more company becomes stronger, but the more and more exhaust is discharged into our environment. We know, this is one of the reasons that cause global warming. However, in my opinions, the major reason is our human’s bad behaviors. Around our environment, we can see a lot of global warming’s phenomenon. Take me as an example, actually I met a snow day when I was in San Antonio, Texas. This was unusual because every resident knows that there was no snow day in winter since many years ago. But nearly 2010, it was snowing at some day. Another example, it happened in the afternoon on Feb. 29th. There was snowing but it was normal at last five minutes. Global warming has harmful to the earth, it will rise in sea level and it will bring many natural disasters. Next, in the story, it mentions, “You know how hot it was today? A hundred and five. It’s unbelievable (68).” A hundred and five! I can’t image what the weather looks like. It’s “unbelievable” (68)! Back to our life, we should protect our earth by changing habits daily. For instance, we should use clean energy instead of oil or coal, we should go for a walk or take the public transportation instead of driving a car, and we should plant more
In a world where we are subject to rising temperatures, and rapidly changing climates, it is important to understand the history of how climate has affected architecture and how people will adapt to the changing climate now and in the future. The resources that a climate provides are also constantly changing. What was available in the past, might not so readily be available. For example many places have faces desertification due to the extreme deforestation of areas, others areas are being flooded due to rising temperatures that cause the melting of the ice caps and the rise in sea level. Although many of these problems are caused by human activity that need to be addressed and fixed, people will still have to adapt to the changes that have occurred to the climate already.
The inefficient homes in the UK have catastrophic effects on global warming. The UK needs to become more energy efficient as at the moment it emits a large amount of greenhouse gases which risk dangerous climate change. The retrofitting of the brick three storey terraced town house is necessary in order to comply with the legislations set out by parliament in the UK Climate Change Act (2008) or if the house falls under the private rented sector it must comply with the Energy Act 2011.
Many people argue that architectural designs do not have to use any precautions involving climate change because it is not happening. Paul Bedard writes, “Much of the global warming debate has focused on reducing CO2 emissions because it is thought that the greenhouse gas produced mostly from fossil fuels is warming the planet. But Steward, who once believed CO2 caused global warming, is trying to fight that with a mountain of studies and scientific evidence that suggest CO2 is not the cause for warming. What's more, he says CO2 levels are so low that more, not less, is needed to sustain and expand plant growth… he cites studies that show CO2 levels following temperature spikes, prompting him to back other scientists who say that global warming is caused by solar activity…. Worse, if
In recent years, the controversial subject of global warming has been more predominantly brought to our attention. Is the threat of global warming real? Is it man-made or is this just a natural cycle of earth? Does it really affect earth’s inhabitants? Should action be taken against it? If so, what kind and to what extent? It cannot be only a coincidence that the alarmingly rapid climate change coincides perfectly with the increased amount of pollutants that humans release into the environment. The once stable climate has in recent years begun to skyrocket, thus altering the delicate structure of earthly life. This proves to be hazardous to the future of the planet; some people worry that many of the resources the environment provides that
In the last 100 years, Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1.4°F. The rising global temperatures have caused changes in weather and climate. Global warming refers to the ongoing rise in the average temperature near Earth’s surface. This is causing a climate change, which refers to any significant change (major change in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns) in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time (several decades or longer). Due to this, it is projected that the temperature will rise from 2 to 11.5°F in the next hundred years (US EPA, 2014). The “drivers,” which are the principal causes making this occur, are very controversial. It is debated whether a change in temperature is due to the work of
Progressive deterioration of global warming and protection of environment are important areas of interest for the whole world. Buildings as an underlying cause are responsible for global warming. Edwards (1996) pointed out that building has a key role to play as they are one of the major sources of energy consumption. And he (1996) also stated with some statistics to support this point that buildings account for about half of all global – energy, water, and raw materials as well as in the EU (Edwards, 1996, P. xiv). And another data is that buildings constitute about 45 per cent of carbon-dioxide emissions (John, 1998, P. xi). In addition, buildings should be accountable to most of land loss in agriculture. But it does not
Architects are now called upon to create designs that provide social change, improve the health of a building’s inhabitants, increase equality and in general improve social life (Dutton and Mann 1996 in Woodward 2007, 3). Bioclimatic design falls within this brief as it priviledges designs that are at one with the surrounding climate and produce a harmonious microclimate for the inhabitants, thus improving health and providing social change. However, until recently technical aspects of producing bioclimatic designs were ceded to specialist-trained engineers in the field of Bioclimatics (Altomonte 2009, 13). Thus, keeping architectural education focused on its long-held traditions of culture, emotion and improving the landscape. This ensures that there is a continued gap between the traditional education of new architects and the education of principles of bioclimatic design. Which makes it difficult for architects to incorporate bioclimatic principles into their final designs.