The Importance Of Research Methods In Research

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS) was used to measure the clients level of self-esteem. The RSS is a 10 item scale that measures self-worth by evaluating both positive and negative feelings about the self. The scale

The third resource that I used is from the Office of Justice Programs/Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). A specific article titled “Intimate Partner Violence in the United States” shows a graph of intimate partner violence rates declining from 1993 to 2006. The article is quite vague, with no real description or stats stating whether or not men commit more violence against women than women do against men. “Violence between intimates is difficult to measure because it often occurs in private, and victims are often reluctant to report incidents to anyone because of shame or fear of reprisal” (S. Catalano).

This article analyzed the positive experiences of twelve individuals who had visible differences (Egan et al 2011, p. 739). This study discovered four main elements that helped people to interpret their related experiences in a positive way. Generally, it can be seen that the authors applied interpretive social science (Neuman 2006, p. 87) to produce this study to capture participants’ experiences and feelings. There are some advantages that can be yielded by utilizing this perspective. Firstly, the authors were able to understand individuals’ different social lives. The complex social factors can be extracted to interpret participants’ feelings and emotions from their personal experiences. It was

Five hundred sixty five students ranging from grade 7 to grade 11 took part in this study. All students enrolled in an

The questioner that will be administered to the participants will be the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale comprises of 13 questions related to performance anxiety and 11 concern social situations. The scale is composed of 24 items divided into 2 subscales, 13 items concerning performance anxieties, and 13 items concerning to social situations. The items on the test are first rated from 0 to 3 on fear felt during the situations. Secondly, the same items then are rated regarding avoidance of the situation. Subsequently, the total score of the fear and avoidance are combined and will be utilized to assess if race and ethnicity are significantly impacted by these factors. For the purposes of this perspective, experiment scores will also be assessed separately and assessed to identify if fear or anxiety and avoidance are impacted by assertiveness.

“Is a 17-item Likert-type self-report instrument assessing fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms associated with social phobia”

Participants for this study will be adolescents and young adults ages 13-19. Participants will be chosen using the multistage sampling method. Participants ranging in age 13-17 will be selected on a volunteer basis from local middle and high schools whose parents/caregivers have given consent to participate. Participants ages 18-19 will be randomly selected from volunteers at local colleges and universities. Ideal population would be diverse with participants from all ethnicities and social economic groups. Flyers will be handed out in all classrooms of students in the target population and placed on college and university community bulletin boards. Population sample will be twenty participants in each age group (Borden

The questionnaire contains five positive Items about having self-value For instance “ I feel that I have a number of good qualities.” The remaining Five items express valueless stamens for example “I certainly feel useless at times. “The items on the self-esteem scale are scored on a 4 point Likert scale, the score of 1 being strongly disagree to the score of 4 being strongly agree. Scores are then calculated; higher scores reflect a higher self-esteem and lower scores reflect a lower self-esteem. In Sinclair et al. (2010) study he reported high internal consistency for the RSES in an American community sample (α = .91), and good convergent and divergent validity. Also in his study, he reported high consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of .89 which demonstrated reliability.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was developed by sociologist Dr. Morris Rosenberg et al (1965). The RSES is the most popular, widely used self-esteem measuring scale. The Rosenberg scale has shown high reliability. If a participant is given the survey on different occasions, the results will be similar. This survey is a ten-item Likert type scale with items answered on a four-point scale from strongly agree, to strongly disagree. This scale measures self-esteem by asking respondents to reflect on their current feelings at the time of the survey.

It has been from the instruments that do exist, however, that the three unique clusters of safety behaviours have been determined. Cuming et al., (2009) acknowledged this deficit in assessment tools, and constructed the Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination (SAFE). The purpose of the SAFE is to assess frequency of safety behaviour use. This scale was developed by clinicians that were asked to consider the behaviours that their patients with social anxiety may exhibit in order to reduce the probability of a feared outcome occurring or to reduce the experience of anxiety within a situation. From this list of items, it was determined that there were three distinct clusters: inhibiting or avoidance behaviours, managing physical symptoms, and items about active behaviours in managing the impressions of other people (Cumming et al., 2009). Cumming et al. (2009) found the SAFE to have good

Social Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. Jefferson, two forms of Social phobia exist: specific and generalized. Specific social phobia indicates anxiety limited to few performance situations, while generalized indicates anxiety in all social situations (Jefferson). Many people often interchangeably link this disorder to shyness––a personality trait. However, although they have striking similarities, the two are divergent. To begin with, SAD has an extensive etiology ranging from multiple factors. Furthermore, symptoms of various aspects accompany SAD. Moreover, SAD has detrimental impacts affecting quality of life. Lastly, SAD has numerous methods of treatment. Social Phobia is prevalent in both women and men beginning at the onset of puberty (ADAA).

Among all anxiety problems, social anxiety disorder is most common anxiety issue and third most common problem in all mental complications (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Hofmann & Bogels, 2006). SAD is a mental disorder which has a tendency to become chronic and badly disturbs normal functions of life if not diagnosed and treated in time (Beesdo-Baum, et al., 2012; Garcia-Lopez, Piqueras, Diaz-Castela, & Ingles, 2008). It is also among the most prevailing mental disorders and is described in Criterion A of DSM-V as “Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech)” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A specific amount of anxiety is always anticipated socially and helps an individual managing future threats (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). But having social anxiety means that anxiety is too much for normal functioning during social situations and often interferes with

In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collection method, data collection process and data analysis method. For Ranjit (2005), methodology is one of crucial part in research, in order to ensure the research can be done in the systematic way Overall, this chapter will discuss on the research frame and the methodologies used in order to meet the research objectives. Research process been divided into three main parts there are preliminary research part, data collection and last one data analysis.

Information about the store’s current productivity enhancing program, target market, and other basic yet necessary numerical and qualitative data to develop a conception of the current state of the store

The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency, MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called ‘real-time experience tracking’, which involves three stages of data collection. And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents.