The Importance Of Sex Trafficking Within The State

Indeed, sampling for victims in human trafficking is a hard task. First and foremost, I must begin my sampling first at a nominal level. This would be the level of measurement of the victim’s nationality. Not all victims are Cambodian citizens and by examining the nationalities effected, I will be able to determine if the issue of human trafficking occurring transnationally. I will gather my data of nationalities through sample components in a two stage study. I will select a sample of police stations then, out of stations, I will choose a sample

Nothing drives emotions out the window more than hearing about innocent children being used for sex. In Cambodia, sex trafficking has grown into a troublesome issue. Sex trafficking has become one of the fastest growing crimes occurring internationally. It is the third largest crime-business in the world, after drugs and arms trafficking. Women, girls, and even men and boys are victims of the billion-dollar sex trafficking industry. Sex trafficking occurs everywhere, and it is not culturally specific, but a gender specific issue. There are numerous cases of sex trafficking within Cambodia, however child sex trafficking is extremely captivating and distressing to learn about.

According to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, Bangladesh is a source, transit, and destination for human trafficking involving women, men, and children (1). Bangladeshi men and women are lured into work under false pretenses within their own country or into neighboring countries (2). A large proportion of cross- border trafficking in Bangladesh is due to migration in search of employment. Most are subjected to forced labor or forced prostitution (3).

Sex Trafficking in the U.S. is an article by Rachel Chinapen found inside the textbook Women’s Voices Feminist Vision. In this article the the author discusses the reality of sex trafficking in the United States still going on today. According to one of her sources, Love 146, More than 100,000 U.S children are forced to engage in prostitution or pornography in combination to $32 billion being spent worldwide on trafficking. The two examples that Chinapen gave were two women named Shandra Woworuntu and Ms. Richards. Shandra Woworuntu came to the U. S. from Indonesia to pursue a job in the hotel business but as soon as she arrived her passport and other identification was taken. For years she suffered in sex trafficking she was able to escape.

They also concluded that sex trafficking is hard to identify and it is hidden very well from the public and law enforcement. There was also findings how political agendas play a part into trafficking of individuals. The authors also mentioned how victims of human trafficking are scared to report or get any type of medical treatment because the fear pimps and traffickers use to deter them from telling authorities. They mention how these people of power threaten them or their family if they report what has happened to them to officials. The authors also found that lack of economic opportunities, inadequate education and childhood factors have an increase in sex trafficking. However, they also state that cultural norms and society plays a huge role in sex trafficking. If a child is out of their cultural norm then they have a heightened risk of being coerced into sex trafficking. In Kolkata, Rio and Salvador findings suggested that there is a higher chance of individuals being darker skin to be trafficked than lighter skin individuals. With this being said, there is even a higher risk of these individuals being forced into trafficking if they are from a poor community and the United States can use this data to lower this type of crime (Konstantopoulos, et al.,

To begin, ever since the first human civilizations formed, sex slavery has existed. Sex trafficking is today’s form of sex slavery. Slavery has existed in a variety of ways in the world. The first developed civilizations of the human race such as the Mesopotamians and Egyptians accepted sex slavery. For example, sex slaves known as Harlots were prostitutes for royal families (Geis 2). However, many Enlightenment philosophers of the 18th and 19th century developed human rights that changed the acceptance of slavery. Many laws were made to abolish all forms of slavery globally. Eventually, when slavery was abolished, human trafficking formed. The many forms of human trafficking developed because of many reasons such as globalization and poverty. Developing nations contain the most cases of human trafficking (Masci 13). For instance, in 2005, Cambodia witnessed the lowest estimated statistic of 40,000 to 50,000 sex slaves and prostitutes (Mam 3). Cambodia is a developing nation. As globalization occurs and the world develops, many people fall into poverty and desperately need money to survive. Today, there are many forms of human trafficking such as domestic servitude, bonded labor, child labor, organ

The efforts from the United States to promote education in Cambodia are revealed as one of the possible solution. Yet it is then discussed that such efforts were not fully successful for all girls. In particular, Kun Sokkea was not able to get her education, even with repeated tries, due to financial pressure. The second solution for women in prostitution focuses on regulations on prostitution. In particular, a place in India, Sonagachi, is introduced where brothel service

Sex trafficking generally involves the forced prostitution of women, sometimes it falls on men as well, often children. Many times the abuser uses mind games to force the victim to have sex with them; some of those being promising marriage and a family if they do as they are told. Another thing that the traffickers tend to do is off the victim or the victim's family accommodations or services in return for prostitution. Jennifer Mandel stated, “Uneducated, marginalized, and discriminated against, these women may be lured by traffickers promising employment opportunities abroad (Mandel, 2012-2013).” This states that the traffickers do not only get lured in by promises of accommodations, but of other employment opportunities.

Although human trafficking is a global issue, the level of analysis I chose was regional. In this paper I am focusing on the Mekong region, where Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand are located. This region has a high amount of women and children that are trafficked into the sex industry. The theory I chose for this topic is Kenneth Waltz. Waltz is a neorealist and examines the international system from a top down view. He also looks at the behavior of states,

Human trafficking is prevalent throughout the world, especially in Asia and more specifically in China but the government and non-governmental organizations (NGO) are taking measures to put an end to it. Human trafficking involves exploitation of human beings; either sexually or by coercing them to work in unfavourable conditions for little pay or nothing at all. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.” Women and children, especially girls between the ages of fourteen and twenty constitute the majority of victims of human trafficking. “China is a source, transit and destination country

Since the global issue of human trafficking is one that transcends through multiple borders and countries, it then becomes difficult to enact one legal instrument that can protect persons who are being trafficked through multiple different states that have different laws and legislations. Moreover, as stated by Chuang (2006), the current legal responses are often reluctant in addressing the socio-economic root causes of the problem as they typically adopt a “three-prong” framework focused solely on the prosecution of trafficker, protecting trafficked persons, and preventing trafficking (Chuang, 2006, p.2). However, Chuang (2006) further explains that the legal response is often focused predominantly on prosecuting traffickers, and to a lesser extent, protecting trafficked persons. The problem with this approach is that the broader socioeconomic reality that drives the trafficking in human beings becomes overlooked. Essentially, Chuang (2006) is arguing that there needs to be a shift in how governments view trafficking and shift from a legal framework and instead view this issue from the framework of migration, poverty, discrimination, and gender based violence. Against this backdrop, trafficking is reframed as a migratory response to the current globalizing trends (Chuang, 2006,

In a small village consumed by poverty a man in a business suit shows up. He goes from family to family offering to buy children for a year’s worth of pay. He gets to one family with a young girl whose father sells her to feed his addiction for heroine. Scared and confused the girl is now forced into a brothel, sexually pleasing more than 20 men a day. Nearly five years later she is rescued only to lose her life to AIDS from unprotected sex. The human trafficking industry in Thailand has long been overlooked both internally and externally. Corruption, greed, foreign relations, economic pressure, and overall demand have fueled the trafficking industry in Thailand. Until the world and the Thai government make serious changes to the way they

To begin with, in Cambodia, human trafficking has been a pertinent problem for the past two decades, mainly because of myths, poverty, and traditions. In the country, a tradition often surfaces about men having a great desire to have sexual intercourse with those who are pure and young because it will remove all of their sins. The myth is that when men had sexual relationships with virgins, it would grant them luck and good health. For this reason, an abundance of pedophiles used to visit Cambodia because they knew that the country condoned prostitution (Pesta). Due to the myth and the command of pedophiles for prepubescent girls, brothels are targeting those younger and younger. Children as young as four are being sent into the sex trade, and “prostitution has become a ‘fixture of urban life’ in Cambodia” (“The Face of”). Furthermore, “visiting prostitutes has become a common and accepted male pastime [in the country]” (Sidner). The abundance of people in Cambodia visiting the cities for the sole purpose of sex sullies the reputation of the country, and it puts the

“The global market of child trafficking is at over $12 billion a year with over 2 million child victims” (“Stop Child Trafficking Now” 1). This statement from the article “Stop Child Trafficking Now” describes how serious this crisis is nationwide. Child labor, illegal adoptions and child prostitution are the three forms child trafficking typically exists as (“Riverkids Project” 1). There has been a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor because of poverty, unemployment and lack of education; however organizations such as the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking (COMMIT) are trying to raise awareness of this crisis.

Vietnam is situated within the Greater Mekong sub region (GMS), which consists of six countries and was one of the last regions to enter labor migration in the late 1990’s. However, in 2002 the labor movement shifted predominately to Malaysia and Vietnam regulated how migration especially for females which only constituted for 23 per cent, in comparison to say the Philippines which was at 69 per cent for women who travelled abroad (Phuong & Monash University, 2008, p 3, ¶2). As part of the COMMITT initiatives Vietnam has signed in 2004, 2006 and 2008 respectively agreements with neighboring countries in a mutual response to suppressing the crime of trafficking in the region. Additionally, in 2005 a five year national plan of action (NPA) was initiated which provides each level of government to take responsibility for different aspects such as one deals with educating the public, another for investigations and prosecutions and so forth.