The Importance Of The M?ori Language

Since Federation in 1901, Australia was largely monolingual, with a vast majority of the populace of British descent. Decades later, the ‘White Australia Policy’ was implemented, where ‘All newcomers will have to learn to speak Australian.’ (AA Caldwell) was largely due to arising xenophobic sentiment and further escalated the monolingual ideal in Australian culture. European migrants arriving before the reversal of the policy experienced significant social pressure to change, which resulted in significant phonological shifts to integrate with the mainstream society. In her 1985 study, Horvath described this phenomenon as ‘Ethnic Broad’. Similarly, second generation migrants had tried to avoid using ethnolects and instead opting for SAE to integrate into society. Although X did not arrive in Australia in the period of extreme monolinguist ideals, she has adopted a Broad Austrian accent; which is demonstrated by the accentuation of vowels. Even now, ‘monolingual community will generally view the multilingual individual in particular ways that are prejudicial to that

The forceful removal of children from families, relocation of tribes from their native homelands, and the attempted assimilation by the Europeans resulted in the disruption of the hundreds of years of knowledge and heritage being passed down through generations. These issues have resulted in the destruction of most of their thousand year old languages and background. To the Indigenous people of Australia, language is the key to their cultural and spiritual identity, and their heritage. From over 250 languages being spoken all over Australia, there are now only 145. Only 20 of which are considered still going strong; this is a cause of great distress to the Indigenous people. “The loss of indigenous languages signifies not only the loss of traditional knowledge but also the loss of cultural diversity and spirituality as well as laws and customs” (Gugu Badhun Limited, 2012). Language is their identity, their connection to the community, it retains their cultural and spiritual identity throughout their daily lives now (Gugu Badhun Limited,

In 1840 the Māori chiefs and the English crown signed the Treaty of Waitangi which showed the dual heritage between the cultures and to develop a partnership to develop a shared future as we have today. This historical event has big impacts on Te Whāriki the way it was created with both Māori and Pākehā input to develop a curriculum that supports every child to develop as confident and competent learners. “.. all

Leslie Marmon Silko's essay, "Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective," and Amy Tan's essay, "Mother Tongue," share similarities and differences. Both authors discuss the challenge of language, each from their own perspective.

Language and culture are interconnected. The matter of how they are intertwined vary according to history and culture. Such variations are important to recognize when analyzing the effects of pivotal periods in history such as settler colonialism. Settler colonialism was a dark period in history and must continuously be recognized for its disturbing chronicle of events. The impacts of settler colonialism still reverberate today. Such impacts can be understood through the direct survivors of settler colonialism. In other words, indigenous nations. Despite centuries of attempted elimination, their presence continues to persevere. This does not exclude its losses, however. Many indigenous communities undergo threats of disappearing languages. Each indigenous language is affected by settler colonialism differently. So, for this research, the focus will be on the Nuu-chah-nulth language, which is spoken in the Nuu-chah-nulth region. Significance: Currently, about ten percent of the Nuu-chah-nulth population speak the native language, while even fewer speak fluently. Thus, understanding what circumstances lead to this dilemma may contribute

In light of the historical event of Indigenous Australian land rights and the affect on the lives of Indigenous Australians, I will outline a brief history of the major events that impacted the land rights movement, analyse the nature of these and impacts of these events. Reflect on the relevance of educators having an understanding of the Land rights movement. Present and summarise the arguments that support the teaching and learning of Indigenous Australian languages in early childhood education

Recently, researchers working on a project geared toward the cataloging of basic word lists of the endangered aboriginal tongues in Australia, “met the sole living speaker of Amurdag, a language in the Northern Territory that has already been declared extinct” (Wilford, John Noble). It is doubtful that the language can be brought back, as the speaker “strained to recall words he had last heard from his late father” (Wilford, John Noble) but researchers were at least able to make a record of it.

Despite Australia’s ever-growing multiculturalism, it has been found that ‘monolingualism is extraordinarily common in Australia throughout the general population and all occupational levels (Bostock, 1973).’ With such an array of cultures present, one would assume that Australian education systems would have endless bilingual programs in place. However, this is not the case. Despite the successes of bilingual education on a global scale, little effort has been made to preserve any Australian languages, meaning that language death has become an everyday factor that Indigenous individuals have to deal with (Wurm, 1991). This paper discusses the concept of bilingual education and its faults in the transition from theory to

Rukiya’s non-articulation may have been due to fear (of divorce). Her response is a clear product of a culture of silence, it is an implied societal dynamic when and how “they articulate their claim”. Citing linguistics scholars Philips and Silvestein, Hirsch states that the demand for a language to fully and adequately articulate one’s inferred meanings and direct ideas can “shape interaction” which can be regarded as an implicit metalanguage. Did Rukiya accept defeat? In the sense of the above Swahili adage, should her silence be an interpretation of social expectations and cultural norms: was she not supposed to go to court as the adage infers? Greg Matoesian goes further in analyzing the effects of “the second utterances” that operation as a seismic shift in the disputing narratives. For this “topic slift” in the second utterance, the complaint seeks solace and recognition. Contrary to Rukiya’s silence, Kadhi Court’s transcprit of mediation of Juma and Nasira offers a metalinguistic discourse of the maneno (gossio) conflict-based underpinnings. Maneno might have originated from the East Africa bantu language stem kunena (to reject), which might also come from kumena (to

This article examines the attitudes that New Zealanders have developed in response to immigration patterns and policy. Exploring how social hierarchy and ethnicity shape immigration tolerance through economic inequality concerns, perceptions of threat and protection of Maori rights. Douglas gives substantiated arguments relevant to discussions on the bicultural environment of New Zealand politics and argues for the importance of political recognition for Maori.

Biculturalism has a massive role in Aoteaora New Zealand’s society and has a massive impact in its history. Having a clear understanding of it is crucial in order to be more appreciative of how diverse New Zealand’s society has become, and it also helps us discern the negative aspects of diversity and multiculturalism. By examining and understanding biculturalism, it helps us discern the Treaty of Waitangi’s role and influences in the human services provision here in New Zealand.

The development of the print revolution has affected the practice of orality and oral traditions (Bagchi 2012). This essay will firstly discuss the development of print, in particular the revolution of the printing press, and secondly explain the impacts of the print revolution on oral traditions in the indigenous Australian tribes. The medium and meaning theory will be applied and discussed, which will allow for a stronger supporting argument.

He is communicating with the Maori spirits Rewi and Te Rauparaha. He begins by shouting the only Maori words that he knows, “Tihei Mauriora”. He then goes on to say;

he Austronesian peoples have been a source of much anthropological study, attracting the intrigue of Captain James Cook in his expeditions. The Austronesian language family is spoken by around 385 million people speaking 1200 languages, stretching from Madagascar to Rapanui- making it the fifth most spoken language family in the world (Brown, 2009). Many believe that Polynesians are descendants of Austronesians, however the origins and spread of the Austronesians are hotly debated. Several lines of study have been utilised to elucidate the mysteries behind this perfect case study of human migration and settlements- encompassing climate change, conflict, inter-marriage, trade, and crucially, technological advancements.

The 1988 Before Five policy reform that followed the Meade Report, addressed mutual issues and concerns. The report campaigned concerning Māori grievances, women rights and the status of ECE teachers and workers (Carpenter, Jesson, Roberts & Stephenson, 2008). Involved in the Before Five policy reform encompassed eight working groups and representatives from ECE services of Kindergartens, Kohanga reo, Play centre, early childhood care and education centres ( Duhn, 2009). Throughout this policy, the Treaty of Waitangi was acknowledged and upheld as Kohanga administration was not able to be altered by the Education Department only the Department of Māori affairs.