Thesis: Both the Spanish and the Native American’s commitment to tradition shaped the early encounters between the two cultures. The Native American’s drastically different values and rituals led the Spanish to believe that the tribes had immoral views and caused the colonists to attempt to assimilate the native people into Catholicism and a life of servitude. When the Spanish first arrived in California, they were offended by the Ohlone’s fierce loyalty to their rituals and traditions surrounding respect toward the natural world and acceptance of different sexual practices. “Religion was usually closely linked with the natural world on which the tribes depended for sustenance. Native Americans worshipped many gods, whom they associated variously with crops, forests, rivers, and other elements of nature” (Brinkley 6). Many of the rituals performed by the Ohlone tribes centered around nature. The tradition surrounding the respect of nature was of the utmost importance to the natives and served as their religion, something the Spanish did not understand. “It is clearly a dream of great power and, as is our way, when one has such a powerful dream we must do all that we can to make it true” (The Earth on Turtle’s Back 5). In this creation myth, tradition is embodied in the way that the chief says, “as is our way”. He respects his ancestors and the rituals and rules they laid out for their descendents. “The colonists were also simultaneously fascinated and repulsed by some
The Indian culture was negatively changed because the Indians’ religion was based upon believing many gods controlled their way of being, while Christianity was based on one supreme being who controls the universe. Common Indian gods included a god for the Sun, Moon, land or the Earth, the creator, and water (Nature). In the Cherokee tribe, the Creator is named Unetlanvhi (oo-nay-hla-nuh-hee or oo-net-la-nuh-hee) (“Legendary”). Some of the other “Creators” in other tribes include Maheu in the Cheyenne tribe, Gitchie Manitou in the Ojibway tribe, and Ahone in the Powhatan tribe (“Legendary”). With all the different types of gods in Indian cultures, the Indians used many spiritual rituals to worship these gods (Religion). Some of the rituals included feasts, music, dances, and other performances. The relationship of the Indian to nature (spirits, land, weather) was tantamount (Religion).
Throughout the Spanish conquest and exploration of Mesoamerica, religion became a focal point in Spanish observations of indigenous cultures. Influenced by European biases and colonial mindset, the Spanish criticized indigenous religion by condemning their
When Jesus Came, The Corn Mothers Went Away gives an in-depth history of the Pueblo Indians before and after the Spanish conquest. It describes the forced changes the Spanish brought to the Indians, and also the changes brought to the Spaniards who came to “civilize” the Indians. The author's thesis is that the Pueblo Indians and other Indians were treated cruelly by the Spanish, who justified their crime by claiming they were civilizing an
The Native American’s way of living was different from the Europeans. They believed that man is ruled by respect and reverence for nature and that nature is an
The Pilgrims brushed their lips against the land of Cape Cod and thanked their Lord when the furious storm released them from its’ fury. The sea troubles left them far from home with no warm welcomes. After scrutinizing the bare land they had located barbarian-like aliens. They formed their judgments and ideas about their companions on Cape Cod. Seeking gold and silver the Spaniards explored unfamiliar territory. Although, they did not discover their hidden treasures they did stumble upon unfamiliar Native American cultures they did not understand. Their misunderstandings led to the formation of judgements towards the Native Americans. Although both “Plymouth Plantation” by William Bradford and “La Relacion” by Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca discuss early settlers and attitudes toward native peoples. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca’s attitude toward Native Americans reveals a sense of relief to discover friendship among an island. While, William Bradford displays a fearful and belittling tone.
The cultural of indigenous and immigrant people have been greatly impacted by America’s historical events. The descendants of Spain and Mexico immigrants have since been subjected to many cultural struggles. Today, many Chicano Americans do not know their heritage, or do not identify with their ancestors. Traditions and customs are lost from one generation to the other. Many victories were won in the name of Religion. Religion has also played an important role in the history of America. The colonists came to America in order to have religious freedom, yet they imposed their religion on the indigenous peoples. The colonists had religion in common; they identified themselves as “Christians”. The indigenous peoples were viewed by colonists as savages, and to try to civilize them. Many were killed, chased from their land, or taken into slavery (Noriega, 2010).
The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and bloody one. For the time of Columbus’s subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has
Native Americans hold a type of esoteric concept that comes from their philosophy of preserving their environment as well as their kinship that ties them together (Access Genealogy, 2009). They not only have social ties, they are politically and religiously organized through their rituals, government, and other institutions (Access Genealogy, 2009). They work together to reside in a territorial area, and speak a common language (Access Genealogy, 2009). They are not characterized by any one certain structure (Access Genealogy, 2009). However, the society agrees on fundamental principles that bond together a certain social fabric (Access Genealogy, 2009). Different Native American tribes throughout the years have had different ideas, opinions, philosophies, which are not always predetermined by their past ancestors.
The diverse Indian societies of North America did share certain common characteristics. Their lives were steeped in religious ceremonies often directly related to farming and hunting. The world, they believed, was suffused with spiritual power and sacred spirits could be found in all kinds of living and inanimate things – animals, plants, trees, water, and wind. Religious ceremonies aimed to harness the aid of powerful supernatural forces to serve the interests of man. In some tribes, hunters performed rituals to placate the spirits of animals they had killed. Other religious ceremonies sought to engage the spiritual power of nature to secure abundant crops or fend off evil spirits. Indian villages also held elaborate religious rites,
The History of America has been stongly shaped by a collection of popular myths, stories and overall religious or cultural traditions, but not to the extent of the Native American History. We are all familiar with myths and legends about the past, namely the creation of our species and the mythological views of multiple godly figures. The majority of those mythological events have been created to suit Native American cultures. Because of these stories, Americans have misunderstood much about the Native American culture, For example, many assume that pre-Columbian North America was a land that was very wide spread and consisted of little inhabitants, when really, millions of Native Americans lived in the land. For example, Native American societies were full of wealth and held and heir of sophistication, contrary to popular beliefe that the Native Americans survived only through hunting, gathering, and fishing
Every culture and religion around the world has their own beliefs, myths legends and stories of creation about how all things came to be. Some are very similar and others are very unique and take on a whole new perspective and life of their own. One thing that they all have in common is that those beliefs are a direct reflection of their religion and paradigms (the way they see the world) and therefore effect their actions and behaviors. Most of us here in North America and the United States are familiar with Christianity’s biblical version of creation as found in the old testament in the book of Genesis and may be unfamiliar with the Native American creation stories. In this essay I will closely compare the religious beliefs by examining the traditional Christian and Navajo Indian creation stories.
During the Spanish conquest and the early colonization and missionization of Alta California many problems arose from violence directed towards native women. Today we will discuss, how they were viewed and treated by many of Spanish men, and how the church viewed and reacted to the violence against these women.
Since 1492, the year in which Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, the “Native Americans”, or “American Indians”, the original inhabitants of these newfound lands, became a source of dispute and conflict. The terminology of the word ‘Indian’ suggests the cultural and racial unity of all indigenous people, but it was not an idea shared by them. On the contrary, a huge variety of languages, traditions, cultures, lifestyles, existed among the indigenous populations, and had done so for thousands of years. The unifying notion of ‘Indian’ gave a label to all natives, failed to recognise their differences, and became a tool of legitimisation of the Spanish colonisation of these people . After making a claim of these lands, the Spanish
Native Americans had a need to contemplate their origins and beliefs and use that as a basis for their lifestyle. According a Cherokee creation story that theorizes about the perils of the world, “The earth is a great island floating in a sea of water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn out, the people will die and the cords will break and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water again. The Indians are afraid of this.” This negative outlook is why natives centered their architecture around their respect for nature. In fact, the natives in the southwest had fears that bound them together and resulted in them constructing cliff dwellings that “had 23 kivas and 150 rooms housing a population of
While it would seem that settlers coming from different parts of the world would have contrasting beliefs, their interactions with the Native Americans were all characterized by their misconceptions of native rituals. As Europeans began to arrive in the New World, the Spanish were introduced to the Ohlone people on the West Coast. Spanish missionaries saw the Ohlone “as a ‘backward’ people, a people who never attained a rich material culture, never learned agriculture, never built cities, monuments, or even totem poles” (Milliken 87). Spanish settlers misinterpreted the Ohlone use of using temporary materials to mean that the Ohlone had no wealth or status system, a shortcoming in the eyes of the Europeans. In