The Incubation Period Varies For The Different Malaria Parasite Species

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

Background - Malaria is a water borne disease. It is spread by a parasite-carrying mosquito. It kills many people and reduces a country 's capacity to develop. There are different strategies to combat malaria. Around half the population is at risk of malaria and this disease is active in 106 counties across Africa, Asian and the Americas (see source 3). the global annual mortality from malaria is between 1.5 - 3 million deaths, or between 4000 and 8000 each day. Developing countries are most vulnerable to Malaria and as shown on source 2 Malaria has been spread across many various other countries including in Europe, but these countries have eradicated Malaria.

about 207 million cases of malaria and 80% of cases of malaria in the world are in Africa. There

Malaria has been a huge problem among many developing nations over the past century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are African children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately.

Ninety percent of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the location and region of where this issue affects. In a concentrated effort to treat malaria since 2000, 700 million cases have been stopped in Africa, bringing the number of cases down by almost fifty percent. This pleasant news is the result of human interaction. Since the introduction of bed nets, malaria death rates have dropped by sixty percent, saving six million lives. All this progress has to be credited to the scientists who got notified by their respective countries when deaths constantly occur in a certain area through communication. Shortly after getting notified, the researchers travel to sub-Saharan Africa, which requires movement, to analyze the situation

This happens to contain some of the most destitute regions of the world including Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa was home to 89% of malaria cases and 91% of malaria deaths. Increased prevention and control measures have led to a 60% reduction in malaria mortality rates globally since 2000.

It has been estimated that 609 million people in Africa are at risk of having malaria (Mabaso et al 2007, p. 35). Almost 34% of the populations in Zambia live in endemic risk areas, while 48% of the populations are in epidemic risk (Guerra et al., 2008, p.54; WHO

In areas where malaria thrives, human populations have been known to suffer in its clutches. Malaria is a tropical disease that causes thousands of deaths worldwide. However, a majority of malaria cases and deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of malaria in African countries places a heavy burden on its people and affects all aspects of society. Considered both a consequence and a fundamental cause of poverty, malaria has a host of negative effects that hinder the growth and well-being of the African population.

Malaria has become a common name throughout the world. While significant efforts have been made since antimalarial treatments in the 1940’s, the disease still continues as an endemic around the globe. Malaria is a global public health issue, with epidemiological methods of tracking patterns, causes, and effects of health outcomes to continuously work toward protecting and saving lives. While current interventions have impacted the rates of malaria, advances have been made to include spatial targeting for predicting risk in certain locations, methods of using microbes to eliminate mosquito prevalence, and opportunities for vaccines to reduce incidence rates can be promising practices to reduce the

According to the CDC, “Malaria is an extreme and from time to time lethal sickness because of a parasite that typically infects a certain species of mosquitoes which feeds on human blood. Four varieties of malaria parasites infect people; Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. Similarly, P. knowlesi is a type of specie of malaria that infects macaques in Southeast Asia and additionally can be a zoonotic infection; transferring from an animal to human.” Plasmodium falciparum is the form of malaria that frequently causes severe and life-threatening malaria. It’s not very unusual in the south of the Sahara wasteland in Africa. People, who are closely exposed to the bites of mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum, are prone to dying from malaria. Human beings who have little immunity to malaria, together with younger kids and pregnant girls or tourists coming from regions without malaria, are more likely to have a worse prognosis. Due to malaria arising in the south of the Sahara in Africa, concentrated deaths arise in children below five years of age. Poor human beings living in rural regions, who lack access to physical care, are at greater risk for this disorder.

Today, the leading cause of death and most serious health concern in Nigeria is Malaria. All but 10% of malaria cases in the tropical African region occur in Nigeria. Malaria accounts for 30% of deaths in children below the age of five, a quarter of deaths in infants, and just above ten percent of deaths in mothers (1, 7). Common symptoms of malaria in adults are headaches, weakness, fever, aches, high temperatures and loss of appetite. In children excess sleeping, nausea, and vomiting are additional symptoms (7). The burden of malaria in Nigerian is tremendous due to its detrimental impact on the physical and emotional health of the people and on the economic growth of the country.

In Nigeria, malaria is an endemic however it can be an epidemic when there is a widespread of occurrence in a particular region especially during the rainy season. It is major public health problem in Nigeria because it causes more death and cases in the country than any other in the world. It is the leading cause of death in children under the ages of 5 in Nigeria. There is an estimate of over 50 million malaria cases, 300,000

The World Health Organization has written, “The Global Technical Strategy For Malaria 2016-2030.” The report will be published in December of each year until it's conclusion. This program has set ambitious but achievable goals in the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by malaria. It aims to do this by increasing proven prevention strategies and increasing access to treatment for those most vulnerable to infection. The program has four goals. The first goal is to reduce mortality by 40% in 2020, by 75% in 2025 and 90% by 2030. The second goal is to reduce incidence of malarial infection by the same percentages during the same years. The third goal is to eliminate endemic malaria in at least 10

Zambia is a malaria endemic country located in the heart of central sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 13.1 million people, 39.5% of which live in urban areas and the other 60.5% in rural areas (Central Statistical Office [CSO], 2013). The WHO reported an estimated 4.5 million cases and 7,737 deaths associated with malaria in 2011 (WHO, 2014). Forty percent of outpatient visits in Zambia are related to malaria (Chanda et al., 2013). The Eastern and Northern Zambia provinces had the highest incidence of malaria annually and accounted for almost 40% of all childhood deaths and 20% of maternal mortality (CSO, 2009). As such, the morbidity and mortality among

Furthermore, the decline in childhood mortality in Kenya reflects the recent global trend of under-5 mortality reduction at a faster pace than at any other time in the past two decades (UNICEF, 2014). The Ministry of Health (2015) describes malaria as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya, with more than 70 percent of the country's population at risk of infection. In Kenya, scientists have shown through studies that areas that have latitudes ranging from 0 to 1300 meters such as around Lake Victoria in western Kenya and the coastal regions have a high malaria prevalence rate and thus high under-5 mortality rate ( MOH,2015).