The India And Pakistan Conflict Remains One Of The Most

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

Throughout modern history, Britain’s exponential growth inevitably affected the future of many nations in the contemporary world- in particular, the culturally intertwined state of India. Even in the initial stages of colonisation, India was forcefully occupied by the British East India Company; however, it was not until 1858 that a dictatorship was officially announced and the nation was forced to regard England as 'the true homeland'. Amidst societal unease and a growing discontent with the British rulers by the poor peasants, India's emancipation seemed inevitable in order for the nation to truly progress. In effect, a revolutionary leader spawned; Mohandas Gandhi. His great philosophical mind held innovative ideas which were instrumental in the achievement of Indian Independence- with his thoughtful ideologies and beliefs paving the way for oppressed Indians to ultimately unite against British imperialism. Consequently, this resulted in the monumental Satyagraha campaign that triumphed successfully against the British authorities.

In 1757, Great Britain extended its empire into India. This occupation would not fully end until 1947. In the time between, there were many movements by the Indian people to gain independence from the British. The movement that finally succeeded in winning India’s independence was led by one of the most influential figures of the 20th century, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi’s methods for fighting against the occupation of the British were very different from those of any of the freedom movements before. And that was why it worked. Gandhi did not agree with the general reasoning of the time: that conflicts could be solved through negotiation and forceful resistance.1 Rather, his faith led him to go

After World War I, India established organizations known as the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League to lead their efforts toward independence. Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Russian Revolution played a major role. Mahandes Gandhi, an Indian nationalist, led the movement toward independence for India. He was raised as a Hindu and studied law in England. He was opposed to the idea of the caste or class system especially the exclusion of the Untouchables. During his leadership, the British allowed the Indians to “self-rule”, but this lifestyle was rejected by the Muslims because the wanted complete independence. As a

India’s independence movement culminated in the release of India from British rule in 1947. The movement technically started over a hundred years before they would be free, but the nail in the

Indians were becoming politically active in the late 1800s. During this period, they founded institutions that would help end colonial rule. In 1885, Indian modernists formed the Indian National Congress to reform Hindu and Muslim practices that did not match up to their liberal ideals and to change British Indian policies that were opposed to democratic ideals. However, many internal issues within the Indian culture were obstacles to independence. Most notably are the differences in language groups. Despite these problems, a nationalist movement took root within the country that ultimately led to the creation of India and Pakistan in 1947. There were three principles to this movement that helped the movement succeed.

Before the movement, the British ruled India and made the country’s decisions. The native Indians weren’t allowed to follow their own religion or even have a say in political decisions. In 1857, the first ever move against the British occurred when the Indian soldiers who worked for the East India Company refused to use a type of cartridge that had to be bitten off. The soldiers thought it showed that the British were superior. They were punished, so they fought against their leaders. This rebellion led to the start of Indian Nationalism and the establishment of the Indian National Congress, a group that discussed loyalty, technology, and British liberties. Mahatma Gandhi, who would soon become the leader of the movement, commonly attended these meetings. When World War 1 began, the British promised the Indians their independence if they helped fight with them. When WWI ended, the British didn’t keep their promise which made the Indians mad, but they were also able to see that the British weren’t as powerful as they seemed. Gandhi began to preach about protesting peacefully and was earning the support of the Indians. He led marches, protests, noncooperation, boycotts, fasts, and interventions. He also led the Civil Disobedience Campaign, where he walked 250 miles to make his own salt as a protest against a salt tax. Soon, everyone began to do

In 1915, a young Hindu named Mahatmas Gandhi set up a movement based on peace and nonviolent resistance of the English. It’s main goal was to force the British to improve it’s condition and the poor to grant independence to India. Ultimately, Gandhi’s movement would lead to Indian independence. His ideas symbolized in propaganda stated that India was a nation capable of economic self sufficiency without British, a unity transcending religion it would make India a stronger

This was the spark. The Indians not longer loyal to Britain, and became nationalist. There were many methods Gandhi used to defend human rights. Mohandas Gandhi led India to independence after Amritsar Massacre. He follows hinduism but uses ideas from all religions. He asked the Indians to follow civil disobedience , which is refusal to obey laws. His idea was to use passive resistance, or non violence. One movement was The Homespun Movement. The Indians boycotted British cloth. They decided to weave their own cloth at home. Next was The Salt March. It was a peaceful protest British tax on salt. The Indians could only buy salt from the British and had to pay taxes on it. Gandhi and his followers protested by walking 240 miles to the coast to make their own salt. Newspapers across the world spread the news. Gandhi gained worldwide support. Eventually 60,000 Indians were arrested. Last was The Quit India Movement. Gandhi’s calls for Britain to give India immediate independence by asking all indians to leave jobs. Indians refused to fight in WWII, teachers stopped teaching, other Indians left their jobs. This movement was successful. There were many effects of the indian independence

India had finally gained independence after 350 years of British presence. The plan for partition began when Britain ultimately handed over self-governance to India. After receiving its independence, India was further separated due to religious tensions between Muslims and Hindus living together. Because of these conflicts, Pakistan was formed the following day on August 15, 1947. Under the Mountbatten Plan, India was formed out of mostly Hindu regions and Pakistan was created out of the primarily Muslim regions. Pakistan was formed into two dominions: East Pakistan and West Pakistan. At the beginning of their independence, both countries dealt with both ruined lands and economies. The partition ended up leaving both Pakistan and India distraught. Riots erupted, looting broke out, women were raped, and over 15 million refugees were forced into unfamiliar regions. These refugees crossed borders into regions of the two new countries that were completely foreign to them. Women were raped and abused by both Muslims and Hindus, and each day trains filled with beaten women and children would arrive between the borders of Pakistan and India.

Bengal's growing need for an identity, equal and ethnic acceptance and a pride in their mother language eventually led to many conflicts both emotional and political. Having been recently independent from British India, the Two Nation Theory was engraved in everyone's minds. But the geographical division of East and West Pakistan was much more than distance; it was felt as a conspiracy for West Pakistan to govern the entire country (Bose, 1).The war was considered an unnecessary act by some as autonomy was the desired result and not a new country. However as the story of the lives of civilians unfold the distrust and unfairness of the situation in the country is seen to be evident.

However the want to hold on to the past over powered rational thinking. Instead the British decided to attempt at quelling the Indians by undertaking reforms aimed at increasing Indian participation in the government and allowing gradual development of self-governing organizations. The plan was to allow Indians to control-law making process while the British kept authority over foreign policy (Patel). Unfortunately for the weak empire, the plan of appeasing the Indians and still catering to British wants did not bode well with the nationalists, and instead led to more uprisings. It was after this failed appeasement that Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa and became the face of the Indian independence movement: “Gandhi was an idealist and visionary. Under his leadership the Indian National Congress became a carefully articulated body while the colony itself worked together in the satyagraha movement” (Embree). Gandhi decided to utilize Britain’s reluctance in using firearms and created the satyagraha movement, or passive noncooperation. However even with the use of satyagraha, Britain did not comply with the ideas of the nationalists.

The Indian-Pakistan war had started since 1947 and these two countries had been involve in four different wars and many borders conflicts. All these wars had seriously impacted cricket which is an important sport for both countries. If pretty interesting to see how politics has impacted on the game and this situation has broaden the gap in cricketing relations between the two countries. The challenge now is to reestablish basic and normal relationship between these two countries.

After the chance of Pakistan in Aug 1947, Iran had the novel distinction of being the main country to overall distinguish the sovereign position of Pakistan. As of now, the two nations are financially savvy partners. This cooperation made due all through the Awesome War, with Iran helping Pakistan in its debate with main adversary, Local neighborhood Indian nearby. In return once more, Pakistan expanded Iran militarily amid the Iran– Iraq War in the Nineteen-eighties. Since 2000, associations between the two proclaims have been generally steady and financially savvy and armed force coordinated effort has enhanced the connection. The two nations are beginning individuals the Cost-viable

The well-known novel ‘Train to Pakistan’ initiates study on theme of partition. This story opens the phase of political hatred, violence and sectarianism in a brilliant and realistic way. Related to those decisive or fateful days, which were brought by the British Raj followed by destruction, death and deracination for the north of the subcontinent; Khushwant Singh refers to the fact that India might have gained independence then, but the price they paid for it was ‘Partition’. The strength and the power of unity were deliberately divided between the two nations. It depicts the pitiful tale of individuals and communities suffered in the revolution of Partition. ‘Tran to Pakistan’ illustrates the agony suffered on both sides of the political boundaries-India and Pakistan after the partition.