The Indus Valley Civilization

In chapter 6 of Earth's in his people's we begin to see the similarities between the first civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt in which around roughly the same time The Fairly large Indus Valley Civilization Rose during the same time period as the first civilizations. Liking other civilizations the Indus Valley Civilization had huge cities, with the two most famous ones being Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in which archaeologist show that the cities were very organized with their Construction and standardization of styles and shapes of the things they built such as houses churches statues and many other things. The Indus Valley people had like other countries developed many sophisticated Technologies and works of art and unique buildings however,

The rise and fall of different civilizations and empires is caused by various social, political, and cultural factors that affect its societies. One of the most important concepts seen in empires are the creation of its culture and its relation to the beliefs of its society. Religion plays an enormous role in understanding the purpose behind the actions of the people in a civilization. Religion and culture are dependent of each other as it reflects the ideas and values that society has agreed upon. As a new urban civilization during 2500 B.C, The Indus Valley Civilization created a sociopolitical system that

The Indus River Valley civilization is the largest among the other three civilizations, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China, with a population of over five million people, covering land

Ancient Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley civilization were two incredibly productive and successful empires. While Mesopotamian politics were slightly less focused on religion and more on other aspects, the two societies shared many social characteristics. They both had defined social hierarchies, as well as similar views on gender roles. These traits are helpful in explaining the similarities and differences between the two cultures.

The river valley civilizations of Sumer, Egypt, India, and China were historical pillars of innovation. Not only were they each responsible for having forged new technological innovations, but they each created their own system of writing as well. Each of them meets the requirements of being labeled as a “civilization” because each had a form of social organization, trade and economic activity, government, division of labor, and some form of record keeping. What sets them apart from one another are the specifics within the similarities they shared. These similarities and differences within their technological innovations and writing are numerous.

The civilizations of the Nile River valley, the Mesopotamia valley, and Indus Valley marked human progress toward fixed settlements and the development of a rich culture. These civilizations shared many characteristics that contributed to their success. What made these civilizations unique were the contributions that each one gave to the world. They contributed their own ideas and accomplishments in the areas of religion, science, and mathematics. These contributions defined each civilization and how they would be remembered, as well as, their importance to the world.

Ancient river valley civilizations are one of the earliest societies in the world. The rises of these ancient river valley civilizations started the first cradle of civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, and Ancient China are the earliest civilizations that were successful enough to make enough food for everybody. Every one of these civilizations had three things in common: they all had a special relationship with the river, they created their own writing system, and they all relied on trade.

It lies at the very cradle of subsequent civilization that arose in the region of the Indus valley. It flourished in areas extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. It is also known as Harappan civilization and Mohenjo-Daro civilization- named after the excavation sites where the remains of the civilizations were found. They were the first urban centers in the region because of their sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture. The Indus achieved great accuracy in measuring length, mass, and time. They were richer in arts and crafts which is evident in their culture

HOOK/INTRODUCTION SENTENCE. Big Era 3 lasted from 10,000 to 1,000 BCE and can be defined by the beginnings of farming and complex societies. Big Era 4 lasted from 1200 BCE to 500 CE and in this period empires rose and networks of exchange and human interaction expanded.

The geography of Ancient Egypt and Ancient India is obviously different. These civilizations are “two of the three oldest civilizations to exist from the old world.” (SFU). Just as the names suggest, the locations are Egypt and India. To be specific, Ancient Egypt was located around the Nile River, while Ancient India covered the lands of modern-day Pakistan and Northwest India. The Nile Valley civilization and the Indus Valley civilization were the real names. The Nile Valley began in “3100 B.C.E. and ended in 30 B.C.E.” (Stayer, pg. 61). The Indus Valley bloomed during “2000 B.C.E. but ended in 550 C.E” (Strayer, pg. 69,133). This civilization was “much larger than the Nile Valley, but in terms of the value, they are equally astounding.” (Strayer, pg. 91).

Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley civilizations have long been compared throughout history and were both some of the earliest civilizations in the world. Mesopotamia, also known as, 'the land between the rivers,' was named for the triangular area between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. This area has been extended and now covers modern day Iraq, adding ancient Assyria and Babylonia to that land. The Indus civilization is often referred to as the Harappan civilization from the first city discovered called Harappa. The Indus civilization existed in the vast river plains of what are now Pakistan and northwestern India between the Indus and Ganges rivers from about 2800 BC to 1800 BC. Though these two territories had many things in common

The Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE) was the one among the greatest early civilzation of the Old World alongside the ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Wright 2009, Wright 2010), which developed in South Asia along perennially flowing Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra ( also called as Saraswati) river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan (Wright 2010, Giosan 2012, Maemoku 2013). Though least studies so far, emerging archeological studies suggest that the Indus Valley (oftenly called Harappa) might have been most wide spread, extending across today’s northwest Pakistan deep into western India and carried probably more than five million people at its peak (Kahn 2005, McIntosh 2008). Reduced water supply has possibly caused the civilization’s demise and eastward movement of its population (Madella 2006, MacDonald 2011, Brooke 2014) towards the Gangetic plain after its decline (Possehl 1999; McIntosh 2002:11) giving rise to many succeeding Vedic tradition linked cultures reinforced by reports of many religious artefacts of Hindu practices from Indus Valley locations (Mishra 2001). The northwestern region of pre-partition India was the centre for Indus Valley civilization and for the shift from hunting-gathering to the societies with settled agriculture and domesticated animals (Allchin and Allchin 1997) well supported by archeological discoveries of first agricultural occupation in the Indus basin near Mehrgarh (now in Pakistan) and surrounding areas

Indus valley civilization was the most widespread amongst the other Bronze Age civilization, which flourished in the basins of Indus River. It is an independent cultural complex contemporary to other great Bronze Age urban civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Ancient Greece. Indus valley civilization are noted for their urban planning with elaborated drainage and water supply systems, vast water therapeutic establishment greatly know as “The Great Bath”, rich cultural heritage and countless archeological structures and artifacts; exceptional both in conservation and in its symbolic richness and aesthetical power. It has one of the most peculiar and elaborated iconographies and early form of hypertext. Furthermore, the ideology of Hinduism and

The Indus valley civilizations was an intriguing and sophisticated ancient culture and also a major contributor in the development of what later came to be known as “Hinduism” . The civilization was founded “accidentally” in the 19th century when the British engineers were searching for ballast for a railway line in north-western India (which is now modern day Pakistan) and found the remains of what seemed to be an ancient city which was only known only to locals until then. In the early 20th century, when other similar sites were uncovered, archaeologists realized the significance of the discovery, which turned out to be one of the most prospering civilizations of the ancient world. It is called The Indus Valley Civilization because most of its settlements are situated along the banks of the Indus River .The largest and most important of this civilization were its two prospering cities known as Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. These names are of post–Indus origin as they were given with reference to the towns built much later on the ruins of these ancient cities. During their prosperous period,, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa had a population of around 40-50 thousand, which was a lot by ancient standards. Both of these cities were highly organized and strategically planned, and displayed remarkably similar features during their excavation. Given the structure of the cities, archaeologists suggest that there may have been a central authority for code enforcement and the Harappan

River Valley Civilizations’ is a term used to refer to great civilizations that grew along river valleys. The four cultures referred to as river valley civilizations include the Indus river civilization, Yellow River civilization, Nile River civilization and Tigris-Euphrates civilization. The oldest of the civilizations is the Tigris-Euphrates civilization that dates back to 3500 to 2500BCE. Communities during this era tended to align in river valleys for particular reasons. The most crucial reason is the access to water for purposes of human consumption and agricultural use. Annual flooding in this areas ensured plentiful enrichment of soil and presence of water that would sustain an excess amount of crops planted than was needed for an agricultural village. The availability of enough food and nutrients allowed members of the communities to engage in other activities such as construction, trade, social organization and metal working. Ease of transportation provided by rivers also served the communities for purposes of hunting and fishing even though these activities were not fully exploited by the communities (Fullman, 2013).