The Influence Of James And Cannon On Emotion

Although Rosalie did not make any contributions on her own to psychology, her name is paired with John Watson’s on one of the most influential studies of the 1920’s. “Little Albert” is such a landmark study because Watson and Rayner were able to show that emotional responses could be conditioned, or learned. The implications of this research over the years have been outstanding. The “Little Albert” study is extremely important in psychology and other disciplines. It has inspired other important researchers of the past and continues to impact the direction of psychological investigation today. The “Little Albert” implications had a profound effect on the world at the time. In fact, Watson’s findings continue to influence psychology, especially therapy, even in modern times.

When it comes to emotion it comes all natural when it comes sensation and perception it mentions emotion threat I tends to set influences how we interpret stimuli situations. Emotion our driving force in our daily lives it goes thought the brain and our body.as in the book sayswhen the stress dies down (the speech is over), your parasympathetic nervous system will calm you, conversing your energy as it decreases your heartbeat, loers your bllodsuger, and so on.”neverhelss sympathetic nerous system would be the opposite of parasympathetic It demonstrates and show overlaps with motivation to the situation it would arouse you more enertic and wil increase our heartbeat. Which is like dopamine which influences movemtn, learing, attention and emotion.

Schachter-Singer theory on the other hand suggests that having an emotion needs “both bodily response and an interpretation of the bodily response by considering the particular situation the person is in at the moment” (Cited in Sato, 2010). According to Schachter and Singer an emotion is followed by an

In other word an event triggers a physiological reaction, which we then interpret, and emotions are caused by our interpretations of these physiological reactions. This is truth because when we are in dangers we run because we fear to what could happen to us this is mental perceptions, and emotions are often accompanied by bodily responses.

What is an emotion? William James and Jean-Paul Sartre present two different arguments regarding what constitutes an emotion. This paper will explore William James' analysis of emotion as set out in his 1884 essay . It will attempt to discover the main points of his view, and then present Sartre's rebuttal of this view taken from his essay on emotions . Concluding with an explanation regarding why Sartre's account is flawed and James's argument is the stronger of the two, it will use outside examples to demonstrate the various weaknesses and strengths within the two perspectives.

This theory was introduced in the late 1920s by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard as an argument to the James-Lange theory, which supports that emotional changes occur after the body’s nervous system creates physiological changes. Cannon attempted to disprove this by conducting an experiment in 1915 that involved testing on cats, and severing the afferent nerves of their sympathetic branch. By doing so, he proved the simultaneous occurrence of emotional and physiological changes and supported it using neurobiological science (Sincero,

The result of the study was that the subjects under the Ignorant condition and Misinformed condition revealed considerably and consistently higher scores on both euphoric and angry conditions as compared to participants under the Placebo condition and the Informed condition. This proved the original Hypothesis of Schachter and Singer, that is, cognitive labelling (informed, ignorant or misinformed) together with general autonomic arousal (euphoric or angry) lead to the emergence of emotions. (https://explorable.com/schachter-singer-theory-of-emotion)

In this essay I will discuss the particulars of emotion as described and theorized by Antonio Damasio. First, I will explain Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion, and then apply this definition to an evolutionary perspective of emotion; more specifically, the evolutionary and biological benefits of an organism possessing emotion. Next, I dive deeper into Demasio theory of emotion, by distinguishing between his idea of primary and secondary emotions. By way of Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion and an experiment he conducts on brain damaged patient, I will then discuss whether or not humans are always aware of how their emotions influence their behavior. Next, I will temporarily suspend my focus on Damasio’s work to explain how Block and Chalmers distinguish between conscious awareness and conscious experience. Subsequently, I will resume my focus on Damasio’s work, by evaluating how the aforesaid experiment applies to Damasio’s brain damaged patient. Finally, I will conclude by reflecting on the overall picture of emotion and emotional experience, and use it to discuss the prospects and motivations of building emotional machines.

The presence of emotion on human lives is a combination of many events, from our natural biological constructs, to our environment and how that aided our development. Emotions play a pivotal role as to how we act towards motivation. Two intrinsically different historical theories arise which illustrate polar views on the source of human emotion. One being James-Lange’s theory where physiological symptoms trigger emotional response, and the second being Cannon’s theory where both physiological and emotional response occur at the same time. Two research methods include word association, how language can label human emotions, and evolutionary theory that is based on the idea that emotions aided early human survival.

Unlike cognitivists who suggest 'that emotions are forms of judgment '[1], non-cognitivists like William James and Carl Lange think that emotions are the consequences of patterned bodily changes and, hence, that

An important aspect of any emotional response is the intensity or magnitude of said experienced emotion

Despite doing research on a variety of areas, Stanley Schachter is best known for his work in the field of emotions. Nelson (1997 September 12) states in the Columbia University Record that Schachter developed a hypothesis that human emotions are “a function both of a physiological state and a cognitive interpretation of that state.” With the help of Jerome Singer, Schachter came up with a cognitive-physiologicla theory of emotion which stated that to fully experience emotions, both bodily

“Emotion functions as a messenger from the self, an agent that gives us an instant report on the connection between what we are seeing and what we had expected to see, and tells us what we feel ready to do about it.” (Hochschild, 1983, p.x)

There are many different theories of emotion and how it is interrelated with physiological change. In the 19th Century, the James-Lange theory suggested that bodily responses are the key to emotion. Their theory was that a changed situation leads to a physiological response. There is some modern day evidence that backs up this theory as emotion has been profoundly linked to brain activity. This theory explains the role of the limbic system and neurochemicals being heavily associated with emotion, for example increased serotonin levels have been found to create and maintain a ‘happy’ feeling. In 1962, Singer and Schachter added that the above pathway can be

Although everyone experiences emotions, scientists do not all agree on what causes emotions. It is believed that special organs within the limbic system of the brain, recognize the patterns of events in life and respond. Their signals trigger emotions, which instantly decide attitudes and modify behaviour. Charles Darwin, was the first scientist to suggest that emotions have a real world existence, visibly expressed in the behaviour of humans and lower animals. Darwin suggested that the existence of an emotion could be derived from an angry face, or even a bad feeling in the stomach. In those days, science viewed emotions as essentially bodily and visceral responses.