The Influence Of Social Influences On Development

The folk theory “As the twig is bent, so grows the tree” was invented by Alexander Pope of the 18th century. This theory means that early influences have a perpetual effect on a person’s life. Many things effect development such as environmental factors, social norms, parental and peer influences. A child learns by watching and early on in life when children have no way of communicating that’s all they do. These early year experiences shape who a person will become and how they will act. This applies to lifespan human development in the earliest years of life including infancy, and part of childhood. Children lead by example, so everything that is experienced helps develop their personality. Subcultural differences, nature and nurture, and

Describe with examples the kinds of influences that affect children and young people’s development, including:

26) ‘these influences are intrinsic to human development’ and even of Bronfenbrenner (1972, p. 51) ‘with respect to human development, neither factor can exert an influence without the other’.

Beginning education, puberty and marriage are three examples of normative age- graded influences in my life. Beginning school helped me to develop myself in the outside world while learning to socialize with my peers. Puberty made form an idea of what I wanted to be in life even though back then I was uncertain of the changes being reflected in myself such as body, thoughts and behaviors. However, I opted new behaviors and started thinking differently. Similarly, marriage made me jump to a second stage in my life as I learned how to be an adult. Between beginning school and puberty, marriage is a significant influence in my life as it made me gain a deeper level of matureness than what I did on puberty. It also helped me to build new perspectives about my future.

With that being said, I will start by giving my examples of normative age-graded. According to our text, normative age-graded influences are “biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group” (Author, page 5). Using this description, I came up with the examples: getting my driver’s permit at the age of 15 then following that, getting my driver’s license at the age of 16. Then, finally, at the age seventeen, graduating from high school (I have a summer birthday making me slightly younger). These are the examples I have already experienced in my life; however there are more to expect in my future such as: turning 21 and being able to legally drink, getting married and having children somewhere in my 20s-30s, etc. While these are examples specific to my life, there are plenty more depending on a person’s religion, culture and even location.

In D1 I will be assessing the genetic and social factors on a person’s development; I will be using the David Reimer and few case studies of my own about twins. I will then come to my own conclusion of which one I think is the most important in each story nature or nurture.

This essay will demonstrate my understanding of developments which occur at each stage of an individual's life cycle. I will relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individual's needs must be met to enable them to develop.

2.1. Describe with examples the kinds of influences that affect children and young people’s development, including:

Development psychology has many ideas of how humans are influence during their development. The ones that this paper will be covering are the Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems, nature and nurture influences and cultural influences. I have also given my own personal influence to further demonstrate my understanding of each idea.

B) our ability to modify our behavior based on the prospect of rewards or punishment.

People are constantly changing and developing ever since conception to the day they pass away. Some changes can be more for people depending on the choices and incidents that occurs in a person’s life. The majority of changes that people go through are passed by common biological and psychological heritage by all people. One of the obvious elements is change when a development is being defined (Infed, 1998).This is when development which involves a movement from a certain state to another. The human development occurs through a process of

Age-graded, non-normative, and history-graded events effect a person development daily. I will apply these incidents to six different circumstances in my development during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. I will use theories that will demonstrate how the events I selected shaped my identity.

According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, “The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.” (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of study. When examining the life course of individuals it is necessary to consider all of the various factors that affect human behaviour. These may include; psychological, biological, social, behavioural, cognitive or culture factors. Age can also be considered as a factor that influences lifespan development. In the early 19th century, the term “age related change” was regarded as only applicable to the early childhood stage but in recent years, psychologists have come to accept that age related changes occur throughout the entire life span. According to Boyd and Bee (2014), other earlier theories included Charles Darwin’s suggestion that, “the wide variety of life forms that exist on earth evolved gradually as a result of the interplay between environmental factors and genetic process.” (Boyd and Bee, 2014, p.3) Therefore Darwin proposed that it was either solely, “nature” or “nurture” that influenced the human development, but instead, a combination of both. In this assignment, I am going to focus on the specific psychological factors that influence human behaviour during the life course. I will compare two different psychological

The life span perspective in Paul Baltes ' view is the "study of constancy and change in behaviour throughout the life course from conception to death.” (Baltes, 1987, p.611). Being a development psychologist, Baltes constructed seven frameworks that shows that development is multi directional, which means different processes of change all through the lifespan. Secondly, development is multiply influenced by a person 's development, an effect brought about from both biological and environmental factors. Thirdly, understanding development requires multiple disciplines, development that analyse in all directions so that it can be understood through many perspectives

Human development transpires through “processes of progressively more complex reciprocal interactions” (Brofenbrenner, 1995, p. 620). For these interactions to be entirely effective, they must occur regularly over a period of time (Eamon, 2001). It is also evident that one’s biological and environmental experiences can shape their way of developing in the long run. In order to understand human development, it is essential to analyze various aspects. Through reading this text, you will better understand how developmental psychologist, Bronfenbrenner, and German psychologist, Baltes both conceptualized their views on the various effects on human development.