The Influence Of The Kremlin's Structure

After WW1, There was a power struggle for the leader of Russia. High level government workers Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky fought for the throne after the untimely death of Vladimir Lenin.

THESIS: From research and historical analysts, we can conclude that in many cases the people of Germany have been effected socially and economically by the building and construction of the Berlin Wall.

For example, many buildings in the newly sovereign post-colonial states portray ethnic, cultural and religious patterns in order to cause nationalistic feelings among the populations. I totally agree with Miodrag Suvakovic’s argument, which claimed that ‘‘architecture is a political and ideological practice that uses its techno-aesthetic and techno-artistic strategies to participate in the organisation of individual and collective human life’’. In my view, the most interesting architectural distinguish is between liberal and extremely socialist (such as communist) political ideologies. Liberal ideologies are more open, free and creative than socialist ones, which usually are practical rather than beautiful or unusual. Thus, I can claim that liberal ideologies are more intellectually stimulating for architects because there are often less rules and requirements for their work. Socialist ideologies imply that usually there is a certain architectural plan and a set of rules that you have to follow and hence, architects in socialist countries are rarely required to «think outside the box».

Politics has always been closely related to the transformations of architecture styles. The transition of one region’s political dynamics will certainly influence the exterior forms and the structural connotations of the symbolic buildings. Different kind of political changes will also result different kind of architectural stylistic shift. The independence of Turkey as a new nation and the colonization of India by the British empire reflected the influence of political changes in architecture and how new architecture style is introduced during such periods.

The Bavarian Law placed a large amount of architectural works on a “preservation list”, due to its high culture and effect on the German heritage. This conservation effort now meant that instead of destroying the buildings, money would actually be put into them leading to the possibility of restoration. This act of restoration could be seen as returning Nazi ideology in its original state. “Letting them fall into ruin, however, was equally hazardous, for to do so would fulfill Hitler’s and Speer’s hope of a future of buildings in ruin” (p. 90). Attempting to find the line between preservation and advertisement of these buildings lead to other options, such as malls and retail centers in order to utilize the space. The idea of retail spaces at the Nazi Party Rally Grounds did not settle well with the public, and lead to protest. What came of this protest was the notion that the future of the Nazi Party Rally Grounds needed to be debated in public.

As the capital city of Hitler’s Nazi regime, the Fuehrer could not allow Jewish people to continue to live and “spoil” his Berlin. After all, he intended Berlin to be a shining example to the rest of the world about what a great nation and a great people, like the Aryan Germans, could achieve. Hitler and his chief architect, Albert Speer, set up the General Building Inspectorate (GBI), an agency with the power to evict Jewish tenants and “appropriate Jewish-owned property… to clear sites in readiness for the construction of Germania.” Houses and apartments owned by Jews were given to non-Jews who had been displaced by the rebuilding program. The GBI policies were used to remove Jews, even if they were German citizens, from Hitler’s capital

Through the analysis of events and constructions relating to the works of Speer and Hitler, it can be clearly seen that, unlike Krier’s statements to the contrary, the works constructed during the Nazi period cannot be separated from their political surroundings and must be observed and examined within their political context. By recounting events within the Nazi regime relating to the constructions and building works of the regime it becomes clear that the works are not only intrinsically linked to the political context, but are a means in order to expand and concentrate political ideology.

Paris as the City of Light, or the “modern” Paris, emerged in the mid 19th century as the demolition of “Old Paris” by Prefect Haussmann paved the way for the urban renewal program set out by the Emperor Napoleon III. New streets, sewers, and parks, and new town halls, hospitals, and schools were all created at this time. Not all were admired though. In fact, some Parisians grew angry that the historic core of Paris was lost in these bold projects. Lights throughout Paris evolved over the 19th century as well. Candle-lit lanterns that once lit the city became oil-burning lamps. It wasn’t until the year 1900 that Paris was illuminated by electric lighting, and formally became known as “Ville Lumière.” Main monumental spaces such as the Palais de l’Électricité, the Eiffel Tower, and even the new central wide boulevards were illuminated with these lights. Paris displayed the pleasures of the city to visitors who came to experience it, however, it also divided Parisians on the basis that the city’s traditions and memories were destroyed. Despite being called the most cosmopolitan city in the world by Baedeker, its history left out the dark side of it all. Paris was desolated of its historic memories and its traditional morals. However, renovations did bring sunlight and air into the historically beloved unhealthy, cramped streets. Ultimately, this image of Paris is all about its visually appealing aesthetics and does not mention what a true Parisian, in the center-periphery or banlieues, for example, would vision.

A book review of Putin’s Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia integrating Olsonian and Tillyian views of statehood

Today technology allows us to construct structures that we would never have been able to make in the past. Some of the creations are impressive based on what they accomplish but others are masterpieces in themselves. Man’s capability to build such tall buildings, as the skyscrapers we are familiar with covering our cities today, is a major expression of the advancements we have made as a culture. The power necessary to build such tall structures inspired competition between architects to see who could build the tallest one. One skyscraper that has inspired many and served as a model, for high rise buildings that were created after, is the Chrysler Building. The Chrysler Building serves as an identifying mark to anyone that

When the IOC selected Berlin as the site for the 1936 Summer Olympic Games, they had no idea that in just a few short years Germany would be transformed from a humble, desperate state to a ruthless and power-hungry empire. The first part of German Society to undergo a transformation by the Nazi Party was the German government, which underwent a major change “on January 30, 1933, [when] the German President, Paul von Hindenburg, appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor, the head of the government.” (Bachrach 16). In order to gain power and stay in power, the Nazi Party needed to win over the hearts and minds of the German people; in order to do this, “Hitler and the Nazis promised [the] birth of a ‘New Germany,’ giving hope to many Germans fearful of the future.” (Bachrach 16). To accomplish their goal of giving birth to a “New Germany,” “the policies of the Nazi government were aimed at restoring Germany’s importance as a country, following its defeat in the First World War. Its methods, in addition to strong nationalist rhetoric and demonstrations, included targeting groups it claimed to be responsible for the economic ills of the country, principally Jews, who became the regime’s preferred target of discrimination.” (Pound 65). When other countries and groups heard about the discrimination and mistreatment of Jews and other ethnic groups being committed by this new Nazi Party, they started to question whether or not the Olympic Games should still be held in

Just imagine you are standing 300 meters that is 984 ft above the ground, looking down at the beautiful city of Paris. The wind is blowing at your face and it is messing up your hair, but you do not care. You are on the top of the highest building in the center of culture, the magnificent Paris and that is all that matters. Yes, you are standing on top of Eiffel Tower. This is the first thing that comes to your mind when you think about Paris, the tall, lean tower. But have you ever wonder what would a symbol of Paris be if Eiffel Tower were never built? When you think about Eiffel Tower you seem to automatically associate it with Paris but that was not always the case.

Paris today is known as a center of arts and rich culture both acclaimed and original. Famous moments pop up through the history of France’s art, such as the impressionistic artworks by Monet, the École des Beaux-Arts teachings of classicism, and the iconic Eiffel Tower by Stephen Sauvestre. Paris augments itself with numerous museums to catalog countless masterpieces and sculptures throughout France’s enduring, yet sometimes gritty, history. As a whole, Paris comprises of a mixture between historic architectural themes like rusticated brick clad, mansard roofs, striated columns, and a modern day architectural themes like engineered metalwork, and external program support machinery. The notion of classic French architecture, juxtaposed

At a total height of 1,092 square feet, the Tokyo Tower (東京タワー) is one of the two most significant skyline landmarks of Tokyo, Japan. Reminiscent but taller than the Eiffel Tower (by thirteen metres), it was built in 1958 after the Second World War, and by design was a telecommunications tower. For more than half a century, it symbolised the development and economic growth of the nation. In most contemporary societies, many people, tourists and citizens alike, look to these landmarks as emblems or representations of a city, even an entirety of a nation. Often colossal in height, these monuments enable us to ‘read’ cities with a distant and objectifying gaze. In the following pages, first, the strengths then weaknesses of reading a city panoramically

The Reichstag building was originally built to house the Reichstag which is the first German Empire).An architect named Paul Wallot when he designed the building intended it to “resemble the look of a Renaissance palace through the weimar classicism movement” and the foundation was put into place on June 9th 1884.The building reflected Italian renaissance, Gothic, and baroque styles, this was a controversial move, and the building was criticized, one article goes on to say "a building that presented a different appearance on nearly every façade and yet another different one in the cupola. It was a building that could not decide what it wanted. Or rather, it was supposed to be an expression of imperial unity and at the same time deep division in the German Empire and of a parliament 's powerlessness to become master in its own house."