The Influence Of The Latium People

As the Greek and Roman empires ascended immensely throughout the western world, new ideas changed the way the Mediterranean Society handled things, which were spread across the globe. “The rise of the series of city-states of classical Greece began in the ninth century B.C.E. and during the late sixth century B.C.E, Rome’s development as a republic began as Etruscan society declined”(Bentley et al, 2008 p.132, 145). The development of these empires encouraged cultural circulation, blending the culture of the two empires into the land it conquered. As Greece and Rome gained more territory within the Mediterranean society, they began to progress toward a more civilized order of humanity. How were they alike? How were they different? How did

Between 500 BCE and 500 CE, the Roman civilization experienced changes both politically and culturally. Firstly, Rome’s government transitioned from a Republic to an Empire. Later, that empire was split into two parts; east and west. In terms of changes in culture, it was impacted by the shift in religion, as the Romans shifted from polytheism to monotheism. Despite all the changes, Rome still remained culturally diverse.

Carthage gained her power through the wealth of trade and commere, bringing the northern African colonies and cities of Sicily under control, solidified her dominance in the Mediterranean. Through wealth comes strength and the ability to obtain more wealth by expanding one’s territory, which brought Carthage to desire the Greek cities of Italy also (Morey, 1901). The very cities bordering Rome, leading to the beginning of hostilities between Carthage and Rome.

First of all, the Romans learned many rules on how to expand and to rule the large areas around them. Rome learned early on that it was very important to create alliances with surrounding cities in Italy.2 Rome became allies with the other Latin speaking cities of Latium.2 The Romans and their allies then took over the Etruscan city of Veii.2 The Romans learned that careful diplomacy was very useful in taking over larger areas.2 The Romans took a punch to the face in 389 B.C.E. Celts

More than 2000 years ago, the invasions and influences of Greece, Rome and Prussia have a great effect on each another. Southern Italy was home to

When these invasions took place Rome didn't defend themselves properly and thats how these germanic warriors took over the outskirts of Rome. If they hadn't been so prideful and didnt forget about their

Rome is known for its’ empire (The Roman Empire). Rome started out small and ended up becoming this huge and undefeatable force of nature. Rome received their success by either attacking other nearby towns/neighbors or granting them treaties or citizenships. E. Badien, the author who created an article called, The Organization Of Italy, explains how Rome organized Italy, and got their neighboring cities and nations to join them and turn ancient Italy into a leading state of power. In Badien’s observations, he finds that granting citizenship and the Latin’s helped Rome to become powerful and assisting Italy to be more structured.

Soon Sulla and Marius again had to forget there many differences to defend Rome against Allied Italian forces who had declared war on Rome. They had set up their own government and were preparing to become an independent nation. This war was known as the Social War because the Latin name for Roman allies was socii. It was ended by a more important conflict, the invasion of a Roman province in Asia Minor by Mithridates. The Romans and the Italians signed a peace treaty in 89 B.C.

From the east, the Sassanid Persians made in-roads into Roman territory and began attacking Rome’s borders from their lands farther into Asia (Spielvogel 186). The Sassanids were Mesopotamian Persians, and were always an enemy and threat to Rome since their first appearance as a prominent power in the third century C.E. (Sassanid). Beginning around 230, the Goths, a Germanic tribe, also began raiding the northern border provinces of Rome (Nardo-2004 24). It was this group that would turn out to be one of Rome’s greatest problems from the barbarian tribes.

After decades of confrontation between Romans and Germanic tribes, who were more commonly known as barbarians, alliances began to form between the two groups. When the barbarians allied themselves with the Roman Empire, they were not considered Roman colonies or citizens, but instead known as ‘foederati’. They received the benefit of the Roman Empire’s support, sometimes with land, food, or money, in exchange for the barbarian’s military service in the Roman armies. One of the most well-known barbarian foederati groups were the Goths, however, their position as allies of the Empire was never permanent, nor were the relations ever completely peaceful. Despite the usually temporary nature of these alliances, both the Goths and the Romans benefited for several reasons. When the Goths were part of the Foederati they stopped hostilities between themselves and the Empire, gained mutual security from the threat posed by Hunnic aggression, and their people benefited from the introduction of Romanic society.

De Fabianis, Valeria Manferto, ed. Ancient Rome: History of a Civilization that Ruled the World. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1996Grant, Michael. The Founders of the Western World: A History of Greece and Rome. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, Maxwell Macmillan Int., 1991Martin, Thomas R. Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times. New Haven, Eng.: Yale University Press,

"The dominant early settlers on the Italian peninsula were a non-Indo-European-speaking people known as the Etruscans" (Coffin & Stacey 168). The Etruscans were among three groups of people from the East that entered Italy as colonists and later as rulers of various segments of the peninsula. The Etruscans came into Italy about 800 B.C.E. following the Adriatic Sea. Although our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely limited by the fact that their language, although written in a Greek alphabet, has not been fully deciphered, traces remain that they left significant evidence of their effect and influence on Rome. The Etruscans left evidence throughout nearly every aspect of Rome including their

By 290BC, Rome ruled over all of central and northern Italy. Rome had networked every independent state to her via the treaties. Along with this, the conquered enemies had land taken from them. Rome’s newfound abundance of territory meant that land could be given to more citizens, including the poor. Allies provided massive army (v useful in battles of pyrrhic war), seemed that they had an endless supply of soldier, described by

There were two main tribes associated with the conflict, the Marsi and the Samnites. These two tribes, along with various others revolted against Rome in the hopes of obtaining citizenship, more specifically the right to vote. In the end of the war, Rome defeated and regained control of all of its land; however, the provinces did achieve their goal. In 90 BC Rome granted full citizenship to all the tribes who had not revolted and to those tribes that would return peacefully. Then in 89 BC another cession was made giving citizenship to all Italian that applied for it within sixty days. Roman citizenship now essentially covers the entire Italian peninsula.

?As the Roman Empire was crumbling in Italy, Huns, Goths, and Lombards began invading towns in the north.? Citizens of Padua, Verona, and Vicenza were forced to travel to the islands of the lagoon.? The most influential invasion occurred in 452 when Attila the Hun drove everyone out of Venetia and they settled ?on the muddy, reed-covered islands of the Rivo Alto.?9? Alethea Wiel claims that the residents of Venezia decided to ?fix an abiding and permanent dwelling-place among the isles and estuaries of the sea; and that moment may be looked upon as the date of the foundation of Venice.?10? The newcomers discovered a thick layer of clay was under the islands.? They put down wooden piles into the clay, then covered these with oak logs and rocks to create the foundation of Venice:? ?it is strange to think how from the shifting unstable formation of mud-bands and sand-isles a city would arise, whose beauty would remain unequalled.?11?