The Influence Of Viruses

Viruses, Plagues, and History, written by Michael Oldstone, is an insightful and highly educational book that details the history of, that’s right, viruses and plagues. Through typically dry, yet engaging prose, Oldstone recounts what seems like all of it while simultaneously bringing to light the contributions of those brave scientists who asked themselves, “why.” He focuses his attention on some of the most notable viruses such as smallpox, yellow fever, measles, polio, and later he focuses on more contemporary battles against disease.

The memorandum written by Deputy Attorney General, Sally Quillian Yates represents a significant change in the government's approach toward corporate misconduct. The priority for prosecution will focus on individuals who commit the wrongdoing within the corporation and ensure that the responsible individuals are accountable for their misconduct. Under the Yates Memo, for companies to be considered eligible for any cooperation credit, the corporation is required to provide the Department of Justice with all relevant facts about an individuals' involvement in the organizations misconduct. Thus, corporations may no longer have the option to determine what information about which employees can be disclosed to the prosecutors. As a matter of fact,

In the novel Viruses, Plagues, & History written by Michael B. A. Oldstone a major biological concept discussed is immunization through vaccination. The novel was about different viruses and diseases that had become epidemics and how different areas of the world were able to stop them from killing entire populations. Epidemics such as smallpox killed nearly 300 million people in the twentieth century but eventually the virus was eradicated. The virus spread through human exploration, such as the conquistadors traveling to Mexico and unintentionally spreading smallpox to the indigenous people. Before small pox was eradicated it would determine who won wars since certain people such as the Spanish and the British had built an immunity to the disease.

One of the most complex and unexplored disease causing agents are viruses. They are known to be able to infect a wide array of organisms, from plants and animals, to bacteria and fungi. Essentially, anything that is living is capable of being infected with a virus. Once the host's cell is infected, the viruses' goal is to produce more viruses which will infect neighboring cells to continue the cycle.

virus, bacteria, or parasite that has ever existed on this planet, we have the very real possibility of

The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-169) was enacted into law in December 14, 1999. The primary purpose of the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 is to reform and expand the Independent Living program. Under this new legislation, named in honor of the late Senator John H. Chafee, the federal allotment for Title IV-E independent living programs has doubled from $70 million per year to $140 million (although currently only appropriated at $105 million). This program is authorized under Title IV-E of the Social Security Act and is designed to help children in foster care prepare to become independent once they transition out of foster care at age 18. In California, the Foster Care Independence Act funds county Independent Living

It is often argued whether viruses are living or not. Those who don’t believe that viruses are living generally base their opinion off of the fact that they do not follow the basic definition of “life”. They do not carry out life-sustaining functions on their own like normal organisms. On the other side of the argument, some believe that viruses are in fact, living beings, which is where I rest my opinion.

There Is another view that contends viruses as living entities. In 2009 David Moreira & Purificacion Lopez Garcia wrote an entry about the reasons why viruses should not be inducted into the tree of life. The main support of their claim is that viruses do not meet the criteria that defines life. Viruses have the same molecular composition as cells: mainly nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and complex sugars() . In the past this similarity has led scientists to believe that viruses were alive. For many years’ viruses were thought to be the “missing link” (Moreira & Lopez) between the “non-living and the first cells” (Moreira & Lopez). With the discovery of DNA encoding came a theory and definition for what defines life. The theory was based on the fact that all living entities have DNA and evolve. Under these criteria viruses were considered to be living because we know they contain DNA and there has been considerable research showing the ancestral lineage of viruses. This theory survived for many years as the most widely accepted way to describe life. This theory was put to rest in the year 2000 when the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially concluded that viruses are not alive. This view is still held by many scientists

How do you think viruses are bad? Viruses is deadly to humans. Ebola is one of these deadly viruses. Ebola first came from Ebola River which is in Africa. According to the text, “the reason why Ebola is deadly is because if people catch it then they can get fevers, muscle aches, weakness , sore throat, and headaches.” This statement implies that Ebola can be deadly. The text also stated, ”that these symptoms can be followed by bleeding in the internal organs and outside openings of their body.” This statement suggests that Ebola can kill humans. Ebola is not the only deadly viruses out there. There are many viruses out there that is very deadly, perhaps even more deadly then the Ebola virus. One example of these deadly viruses is the Marburg

Should presidential candidates be redundantly different from each other? As seen in the past, presidential candidates have different resolution plans for issues regarding the nation in every presidential campaign held every four years. Despite the differences candidate’s may reflect, every candidate has to meet the same requirements, they must be a natural born citizen of the United States, a resident for 14 years, and be at least 35 years of age or older. Throughout the course of time, the United States, has had 45 different presidents elected into office, all of which have been men. The United States has never had a woman as president, but this may change after the presidential election of 2016 where the first woman in history is running

An invisible organism enters your body. It penetrates into your tissues and then takes over the machinery in your own cells to make more copies of itself. This tiny infiltrator works silently, producing thousands of these clones that fill up the cell and cause it to explode. The clones mercilessly continue the process of invading, taking over and destroying cells. The result might be a minor inconvenience to you as the host, or it could result in a slow or rapid death. It depends only on which variant of this unwanted infiltrator overcomes your body’s defenses. There are cures to wipe out some types of these invisible intruders, but others are so difficult to eradicate or so readily adaptable, that the world’s greatest scientists

In the article “Are Viruses Alive?,” Luis P. Villarreal discusses the effects of viruses on life, while presenting different angles as to whether or not they are alive themselves and arguing about the impact viruses have had on evolution. Through a deeper understanding of viruses and their functions, the scientific community may come to fully appreciate viruses, whether they are living or non-living in themselves, as significant evolutionary components.

According to a recent article called “Ocean Viruses may have an Impact on Earth’s Climate” by Jessica McDonald, viruses that affect ocean microbes can represent a enormous impact on climate changing. Researchers proved this new understanding considering that the pathogens block the trade of energy of ocean bacteria with carbon dioxide. This exchange is necessary because cyanobacteria are responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the environment, with the increase of the viruses in the ocean extra tons of the pollutant remains in the air.

Two of the common known attacks on computing systems are the deployment of computer viruses and malware.

Viruses are generally often to steal information from computers that are infected. Most aren't successful. Either way, Viruses set out to harm your computer and it can also be a way for a computer virus to steal credit card numbers, passwords or account numbers and other sensitive data.