The Inheritors

Double pieces that have lasted over thousands of ages to offer scholars with references to human existence during the Paleolithic period are the Woman of Willendorf figure and the Lion Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel. Each figure is condensed with amazing features, even though they are not thorough to the level of realism. The Woman of Willendorf is one of the best instances of the small ‘Venuses’ that have been uncovered meaning that her persistence was a part of a ethnic set of views about women and fertility. The Lion Man, is a more exclusive artifact that recounts to the complex figures that are recognized from other cultures within which the related mythologies that have been revealed. The Lion Man has no known mythology that is obtainable in known written history to this day. The two pieces propose the unknown about the Paleolithic era, recognizing a sagacity of religion and rituals that were part of the lives of those who lived during that era and enlightening recent scholars on some aspects of the people during that time.

American archaeologist and anthropologist, Stephen Plog, wrote an account of the pre-Columbian natives of the Americans titled Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Plog’s purpose is to communicate the cultural and ritualistic lifestyles of the prehistoric natives of the southwest, which spans across the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada with some mention of trade with Mexico. The author has demonstrated an effective approach of an objective viewpoint on the lives of the prehistoric south westerners using sources from excursions from previous archaeologists such as, Paul S Martin and David R Wilcox among many others who excavated the vacant villages of the southwest.

Although there is controversy about the creation of human life, there is little to deny the primitive behavior exhibited by the earliest humans. Over time, humanity learned, changed, and developed into what it is today. Despite a change in appearance and education, humans have never lost their primal inclinations. Throughout his novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding reveals humanity’s barbaric roots through the gradual deterioration of the boys’ uniforms.

This article shows how Paleoanthropologist David Lordkipanidze and his group of archeologist discovered a 1.8 million-year-old skull fossil that could lead to knowing more about the earliest known ancestors of humans that ventured outside of Africa. Lordkipanidze’s excavation in the Georgia site known as Dmanisi. With this archeology find, it has been concluded that all early fossil humans belong to the same species known as Homo erectus. The article explains that the Dmanisi hominins had brains less than half the size of a modern human’s, and are key to understand the evolution and expansion these ancestors experienced from Africa to Eurasia. Genetic studies indicate that their expansion began from Africa about 1.9 million years ago. The article also mentions that with these new findings there can be a better ground from where to start to understand these ancestors as how they lived and socialized. Lordkipanidze does mention that the Dmanisi “were very primitive, we think there were social groups that connected with each other and learned from each other”.

The idea that Prehistoric Aboriginal culture is averse to change or is static is a belief shared by the minority. Although it can be said that Indigenous culture and our ancestral peoples share many similar or unchanged basic behaviour patterns, each society or culture can be distinguished from others by the certain configurative patterns or directives for why the Prehistoric peoples did or did not achieve things and how they were or were not achieved. This willingness to change and not be opposed to innovation and holding traditional values all the time, suggests that Prehistoric Aboriginal Culture was constantly changing. This essay discusses the concept that Prehistoric Aboriginal culture adopted a willingness to learn, change and grow through forms of art and culture, for both aesthetic and useful purposes. Secondly, the developing cultural intricacies will be deliberated, how hunter gatherer societies affected Prehistoric Aboriginal culture and how these complexities are the source of change for many Indigenous peoples through time.

History and the preservation of cultural heritage are the foundation to influencing who and what our societies are today. A strong foundation is one derived from truth based on tangible and irrefutable knowledge and evidence. The discipline of archaeology is a science that probes the depths of the human past (Chazan 2014:8) and utilizes various concrete research methods and theories in determining past societies based on objects anchored in today. An unnerving threat however, are those rooted in the practice of pseudoarchaeology which frankly, is not a science but rather a fantastical imagery of history that romanticizes and exaggerates ideas and notions of the past. Pseudoarcheaology seeks to emphasize false truths on the bases of exaggerating

James D. Keyser and Michael A. Klassen discuss the application of portable art and ethnographic research in Plains Indian Rock Art. This research is a valuable tool used for many aspects of the North American indigenous people. It can be used in reference in dating protohistoric and historic period works (Sanders 2014, 44) By the use of known points of time for the arrival of resources, such the diffusion of the introduction of horses in North America to the comparison of symbols and styles (Keyser and Klassen 2001, 21, 257) there is a record from the people who not only lived the occurrences, but have received

A longstanding view of human evolution holds that the first hominids to leave Africa did so with the help of bigger brains, longer legs and fancier tools than those of their predecessors. That scenario suffered a major blow a couple of years ago, however, when paleontologists working in Dmanisi, Georgia unearthed the oldest human remains yet found outside of Africa---two 1.7-million-year-old skulls belonging to early members of our genus, Homo--and discovered primitive tools alongside them. Now a new finding may topple another pillar of the theory. According to a report in the current issue of the journal Science,researchers working at the same site have recovered a third skull--one that housed a surprisingly small brain.

Neanderthal and anatomically modern Homo Sapiens shared similar behavioral patterns such as created tools, buried dead, used fire, and hunted for meat. Even if both species interact with each other and in spite of shared behavior, evidence justified the differences between both species. Neanderthals buried their dead as a ritual, whereas Modern Homo sapiens represents the decorative and elaborate array of great goods. Both species may have created tools usable to fits their lifestyle, but the functionality of the tools made huge differences. Modern Homo Sapiens tools are elaborated and extensively made for easier hunting,

In this essay I will be considering only but one of the many questions that archaeologists analyse when researching the human past. As the title suggests, did civilization, or, a term preferably used by scholars; social complexity, arise from a conflicted band of nomadic people or from a mutual consensus among them? As well as my own thought’s, I will be discussing the ideologies of a number of professionals, both in archaeology and social anthropology, focusing mainly on the early development of the archaic Mesopotamian and Mesoamerican civilisations.

Inheritance is a lot like winning the familial lottery, most often it is the case that the beneficiaries do nothing to earn the money, aside from living longer than the person who did.This is a highly unfair and unequal practice, simply because it rewards some more than others. There are many people who work hard, and take care of their sick or aged family members, never getting nor expecting a penny in return. And there are many who do absolutely nothing, but inherit thousands. Is this fair? No, however, I believe that it is only fair that the benefactor should have full autonomy of the money they earn.

The settlement site is where residual evidence of past activity is preserved and able to be investigated through its archaeological record. To understand how the record in settlement sites is formed, we must first understand what we are looking for. The Archaeological Record can be split into three sections; material remains of the past, material culture, and sources used by archaeologists (Lucas, 2012). For this topic we will be concentrating on material culture. Material culture refers to the physical objects and artefacts used by a society. These can be both organic - a substance which was once living, like plants or bacteria - or inorganic - a substance derived from non-living matter.

into Asia as early as 1.8 million years ago. They even reached as far as

By adding a Foucauldian, diachronic perspective to the textual analysis, however, one may trace back discursive formations, as well as analyse novel formations as they appear in the present. Unfortunately, Foucault’s archaeological work shows various limitations to which the philosopher later admitted himself (Foucault, 1972), which is probably why the author decided to further build on his earlier work by writing about a new geneaology.

During the stone age the people were hunters and gathers that depend on each others. They were self- sufficient, there were no stores for the people to buy things. They made their tool and clothing out of animals skins, stone and natural materials. The tools and weapons were made from stone and were very heavy. They didn’t know how to use metal yet. Hunter/Gathers were nomadic people with very basic skills, the first invention was fire. With fire they could cook, cooking started the digestion of the food outside of their stomach. Their stomach got smaller and the brain became bigger. They represent the great diversity of ancient hunting- and gathering societies, but their way of life offers clues about early modern human of the distant past.