The Innocence of the Paxton Boys Essay

Central Pennsylvania was never known as to have been the permanent settlement for any large group of Native Americans. It was more of a stop for traveling tribes or a place of refuge. The Cherokees once passed through here in the early 17th century (Wallace, 1970). The Susquehannock Indians were an Iroquois Indian tribe that settled the Susquehanna watershed before they migrated to Maryland, near the Chesapeake Bay (Cadzow, 1936). The tribe that stayed the longest and had the most influence on Central Pennsylvania was the Shawnee. The Shawnees were an Algonkian people whose original home was most likely the Cumberland River in Tennessee. This southern position gave them the name Shawnee, meaning "southerners" in the Algonkian language. The Shawnees split up often and moved around a lot, they are noted to have lived in parts of Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Their first known appearance in Pennsylvania in great numbers was in 1697 (Harvey, 1855). The tribe had five main groups: Chillicothe, Kispokotha, Pique, Sawekela, and the Makostrake (Johnson, 1937). These became so intermixed that they are now indistinguishable. The reasons for these groups were mainly for political and ritual purposes and did not affect

“In 1749, captain Pierre-Joseph Celeron de Plainville set out from Montreal and proceeded to the shores of the Allegheny and Ohio River demanding that the British traders lower their flags from their trading post and retreat to the eastern slopes of the Appalachians” (Schwartz,6). This would lead to even more issues as a year continued. When the burden was far too great to overcome the two sides met in Paris. This lead to nowhere and the stressful relationship over control of Northern America agin grew even greater. On July 1,

Innocence is a key part of a child’s life as the child has not yet experienced the cruelty, violence and immorality of the adult world. In the text The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, as a result of Holden’s fear of the adult world, this leads to his desire to protect innocence, ultimately leading to his mental breakdown. The novel shows a teenage boy’s desire to protect innocence which leads to his mental instability in attempting to deal with a world that clashes with his ideals. He only finds interest in children's innocence because they have yet not entered the phony adult world. The museum of natural history, which is unchanging, shows Holden’s desire to protect and preserve the innocence of children. Holden attempts to erase profanities

Everyone is born into this world with a sense of innocence, completely oblivious to the cruelties of the world. However, as humans grow up and reach early- adulthood, they begin to realize the realities of this world, all that is real and all that is, in fact, a figment of the imagination. As people learn that it is truly impossible to stay hidden from the harsh realities of adulthood for their entire life, they also learn that it is impossible to shield others from these truths as well. They learn that although they may not be able to protect themselves from life’s misfortunes, they must perceiver, move forward, and not hold anyone back in their tracks. Just as all humans eventually learn to accept and move past life’s various misfortunes,

Themes in literary works are central, recurring ideas or messages that allow us to understand more deeply about the characters. It is a perception about life or human nature that is often shared with the reader. In The Catcher in the Rye, there are several themes that can be found in the words and actions of the narrator, Holden Caulfield. The dominating theme in this novel is the preservation of innocence, especially of children. We can see this throughout the novel, as Holden strives to preserve innocence in himself and others.

European Americans have commonly failed to recognize the plurality of American Indian groups, as they have classified all Indians as being in the same group of “natural beings” that wear feathers and ride on horses. However, there are many different American Indian groups and communities, and some groups had further divisions, such as the Lakota. The Lakota were made of seven tribes, the Oglalas, Brulés, Minneconjous, Hunkpapas, Two Kettles, Sihasapas, and Sans Arcs (7). Out of these, the Oglalas and the Brulés got the most attention, as they spent the most time in the Black Hills out of the tribes; however, the other tribes were definitely affected by United States policy too as the Europeans set up forts all over their territory (13).

While they had no official ally, they accepted bribes from both sides and profited. Additionally, in this first section of the chapter, the author informs the reader that Patriots took utilized Indian raids as propaganda opportunities to urge colonial unity. Even if the raids were carried out without British assistance, clever authors spun the stories to blame the mother country for the deaths of innocent Americans. By 1777, the British recognized that allying with the Natives was in their best interests and encouraged all tribes to raid Patriot settlements. The southern Indian nations hesitated, due to the recent defeat of the Cherokee in Georgia, but most of the northern nations agreed. Most Native American leaders thought the British would win the war and maintain trade relations with them. Additionally, the Indians wanted to regain the land they had lost to the colonists. Other Indians, however, saw the British as “the lesser of two evils”. Taylor writes that some saw the manipulative tendencies of the British and the fact that their strategies endangered Natives more than their own

“The Indian presence precipitated the formation of an American identity” (Axtell 992). Ostracized by numerous citizens of the United States today, this quote epitomizes Axtell’s beliefs of the Indians contributing to our society. Unfortunately, Native Americans’ roles in history are often categorized as insignificant or trivial, when in actuality the Indians contributed greatly to Colonial America, in ways the ordinary person would have never deliberated. James Axtell discusses these ways, as well as what Colonial America may have looked like without the Indians’ presence. Throughout his article, his thesis stands clear by his persistence of alteration the Native Americans had on our nation. James Axtell’s bias delightfully enhances his thesis, he provides a copious amount of evidence establishing how Native Americans contributed critically to the Colonial culture, and he considers America as exceptional – largely due to the Native Americans.

One of the first policies that the British government set into place in the American colonies was the Proclamation of 1763. The proclamation ordered that “no settlers were to cross the Appalachian divide” (100). One of the major issues that the colonists faced were conflicts with the local

In, A Severe and Proud Dame She Was, Mary Rowlandson recounts the treatment she received as prisoner of war from Natives in the Wampanoags and Nipmuck tribes written in her perspective. In 1675, Mary Rowlandson found herself and children held captive in the hands of Massachusetts Native Americans. Mary writes with a bias that seems to paint the Native Americans as a species different than her own, but her tone suggests she tried her best to understand their tribe. The purpose of this article appears to be written with the intent of persuading the masses on account of personal experience; that is the interaction among Natives and their customs to be seen in a light of hypocritical behavior. Through the lens of the captured author, she details the experience of her captivity with merciful gestures on the Native’s behalf, despite them keeping her for ransom. Rowlandson suggests traditional Native warfare surrounds a central recurring theme of manipulating mind-games; psychological warfare.

Bourgmont set out on his expedition, sending a party of seventeen French and five Canadian men by river with the larger supplies that couldn’t easily be taken by land and the goods for trade to the Kansa village. Bourgmont’s land crew followed a well-established trail on the north side beside the Missouri River. Bourgmont and his party made it to the Kansa village, but the boats with the goods and big supplies weren’t there yet and should have been. The expedition couldn’t continue without the goods to pay the Indians for their stay. Bourgmont remained worry-free as best as he could and greeted the Indians. The Indians came welcoming, greeting Bourgmont with awe and affection, with two horses as a gift and all at once the chiefs began giving their speeches. The chiefs spoke the same message and they stated, “Your will is our command” to Bourgmont and his crew.

The title “To Kill A Mockingbird” is taken from a quote in the book, where Atticus says "Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." (lee Later, Miss Maudie Atkinson states that "Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy." (p.177). This shows that mocking birds are innocent, and that is why Atticus strongly forbids his children to kill them. To Kill a Mockingbird novels theme is how prejudice affects the town of maycomb,alabama. Also, the mockingbird symbolizes innocence. All the birds do is sing for you and give you pleasure in what is natural and enjoyment to them (singing for you). Theydont harm,. They are fragile,loveable, weak, and helpless birds. In the

In many novels the title of the story is more important than most people initially think. It often reveals important information about the story. In The Catcher In the Rye, Holden says that his dream job would to be the catcher in rye. This is significant to the story because of how Holden feels that adults are trying to ruin the innocence of children, and how he can be the one that saves them. Holden then realizes he cannot always be the one to save the children. This is show throughout the book but especially in the scene where Holden takes Phoebe to the carousel.This shows that Holden wants to be the catcher in the rye so that he can help keep the children their innocence from adults.

The Carolinas did not turn out to be the primary destination in North America for resettlement; in return for passage to America and in payment for their subsistence on the land, the Palatines contracted to produce tar, hemp, and ship masts for the British government in the Hudson River valley. Furthermore, the expectation was that the Palatines would protect the frontier of the Hudson River region, “not with regard to the French in Canada but against any Insurrection of the Scattered Nations of Indians and because of the location there of very great numbers of Pines fit for production of Turpentine and Tarr, out of which Rozin and Pitch are made.”

To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee is a beautiful story depicting a family living in the South of the 1930’s, and their struggle against the prejudice which was common to that time. The book centers on Atticus Finch, the father of the family as well as a lawyer, and his fight against prejudice. We see the story unfold through the innocent eyes of his young daughter, Scout, who is free from prejudice and not yet jaded. By viewing events as Scout sees them, the author shows us how to overcome prejudices, and gain tolerance.