The Instability of the Indonesian Government

Australia and Indonesia political systems are instrumental in shaping the development of individual nations. These systems determine the policies that are to be followed by the government and the governed and aim to establish political stability. Despite Australia is a constitutional monarchy and Indonesia is a republic, the two country have many similarities and differences in the political system. This extended response identifies and compares the key features of government system and election between Australia and Indonesia political systems.

Australia and Indonesia both have similar structures of government as both countries have a separation of powers. A separation of powers is where the government is split into different sections so the power is spread all evenly throughout government. In Australia, only the legislative level has the power to make laws, while in Indonesia, this responsibility is held by all three levels of government. These are the National, Provincial and District. The power to enforce laws is held by

Unlike the Filipino and Burma’s revolution, the Indonesian national revolution or Indonesian war of independence, was a diplomatic struggle and war between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire. The Revolution started between Indonesia’s proclamation of independence in 1945 and the Dutch recognition of Indonesia’s independence on December 1949. The Dutch had gain control of Indonesia for more than 300 years. The kind of influence the Dutch had gave us can still be seen today, because Indonesia was a subject to imperial rule or influence and is still struggling till today. The strive for liberation endured for four years that involved an occasional violent conflict, inner Indonesian political and communal disruption, and two crucial international ambassadorial

Indonesia and Philippines have similarities yet very different political system even though there are located in the Southeast Asia region. Both states are considered to be electoral democratic regime according to Larry Diamond’s sixfold typology (Dayley & Neher, 2013, p. 21). Interestingly, both states received a relatively good freedom rating in Southeast Asia by Freedom House in 2016, which is 3- partly free. Thus, Indonesia and Philippines are chosen as the research subject in this assignment as the non-democratic regime states for the comparison analysis.

Next is the legislative branch. This branch is governed by the People’s Council. This council has 250 members elected for a four year term. The function of the People’s Council include voting for a president, passing laws , discussing government policy, ratification of treaties, and approving budget and development of plans.

Douglas E. Ramage, ”Indonesia: Democracy First, Good Governance Later,” Southeast Asian Affairs 2007:1 (2007), pp. 152.

Entering the Early Independence Era, the Dutch’s role was getting weaker and replaced by the Japanese. However, the Japanese occupation had been just a while before they surrendered to the allies after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki City. Consequently, a power vacuum occurred in Indonesia that later used by the youth along with President Soekarno and the Vice President Mohammad Hatta to proclaim the independence of Indonesia as a state.

After four long years of fighting and tense negotiations, the Dutch finally recognized Indonesian independence at the end of 1949. The President of this new fledgling nation was a man by the name of Achmad Sukarno, and he would lead this nation through its revolution in 1945 up until 1967 when he was forced to resign. His reign was one of founding, which demeaned the idea of parliamentary democracy as inappropriate for the Indonesian people, and so he adopted a policy known as Guided democracy, a type of autocratic rule. But due to the diversity of both the people and radical differences of political parties within this new weak state and the uneven representation of political factions, this governmental system was doomed to fail. The instability of the new Indonesian government coupled with the attempts of Indonesia’s first president to pit different

With consideration of the two teenagers that became pregnant and now beg to come home. There should be some understanding of obligation and the outcome of course, by some individuals, and does not mean just citizens of your country (“yourself”) or your (“neighbor”) consider freedom fighting, and realize that you as an unmentored terrorist, even have the capability of taking someones life. Given the possibility that for yourself you would take up a fight that is ravered as death or do and would you allow an undertaking of peace, to fight for an unstable government? The possiblities should be further reviewed and reaserched and allowed to come back home. I know that sounds a rigid but I am attempting to drive the point, if all actions are condemned and evaluated, by the Grand Jury and not ascertained that a common factor of guilt by observation, was not committing acts as terrorist, peace should then be upon them. The actions of “ISIS” cannot be upheld based on merit or belief that religion was used in the governing factor, for the beginning of what was called World War III. Belief that ISIS was in fact, a free nation, and the land was cursed by even if they did not follow strict religious teachings. For centuries there has been a war involving religion and cults, while using culture and social society. There seems to be in fact a following that is controlled with demons or spirituality wars and (Paul Rand) for which by the people, that quite possibly, do not understand the

Some leading scholars, both Indonesian and foreigner have identified the drawbacks of legal systems in Indonesia. Lev (1990) revealed that harsh criticisms of the law in Indonesia have actually begun since 1960, especially when social injustice began to occur. Alkostar (2000) then argued the cause of this situation because of the misuses of law enforcement. Next, Juwana (2006) analysed how the legislators did not give proper attention to whether laws that they made later can be implemented or not, especially in areas outside Java island as the gap between Java and outside Java was still high. Furthermore, some laws were not realistic because they have been issued to follow an order of the political elite, foreign countries and international financial institutions instead of people’s demand. For example, the political elite may determine that legislation was enacted in

“Please analyse the diversity in modern Indonesia and provide your opinion on its implication on Indonesian’s nation building.”

Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia, or the “Indonesian National Awakening” began in the early Twentieth Century. The success of Indonesia’s budding nationalism belongs to the ability to use existing the institutions, urbanization and transportation around Java and Sumatra, and the “otherness” of colonization. Initially groups such as Sarekat Islam were founded to fulfill community needs, but shortly morphed into a way for the “natives” of the Dutch East Indies to unite and organize. Later, students at STOVIA (School for the Training of Indonesian Doctors) began to form political and philosophical organizations such as Boedi Oetomo, which advocated for independence of the East Indies. Leo Suryadinata, as well as countless other Indonesian scholars, asserted that these were essential for the formation of Nationalism in modern Indonesia. Such groups emphasized a united Indonesia, rather than focusing on the numerous ethnicities that belong to the archipelago. This sense of budding nationalism was encouraged during Japanese occupation. Thus, following the end of the World War II and the return of the East Indies to the Dutch, Indonesia began a violent, five-year long war for independence. The hardships of war echoed the shared sense of identity and community amongst Indonesians and continues to be a crucial component of Indonesian nationalism today.

Indonesia is a high power distance the country, it is 78 points in Hofstede model. Is uncertainty avoidance scores are 48. Therefore, Indonesia is a strong uncertainty avoidance country. The scores of masculine is less than the scores of feminine in Indonesia, the masculine is 46 points. As for the individualism and collectivism, the individualism scores in Indonesia is got 38 points. It is a smaller number than the scores of the collectivism.

Indonesia is the world’s third largest democracy and the world’s largest Muslim country. The country is also the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. (G-20, 2015) The bilateral relationship between the United Sates and Indonesia is significant if for no other reason than the first two facts mentioned. The cooperation between the United States and Indonesia (a successful model of a Muslim nation practicing democracy) can have far-reaching effects past Indonesia’s regional Southeast Asian boarders. In this assessment of Indonesia, I will discuss the significance of Indonesia to America and regional effect on its Southeast Asian neighbors more in-depth.

As a reflection of Indonesia’s increased willingness to play a cooperative role in the international arena, the government is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of providing a systematic data to measure development progress. Although there are many instances where various international development programs are being incorporated into the national development plan, in this dissertation I present a case study on the integration of the MDGs into the Indonesia’s national development plan as a specific example where the Indonesian government takes a proactive role in integrating an international development agenda into its national development plan.