The Institutional Transformation Of A Dictator 's Grip Over A Nation

In the Middle East, each country has it’s own form of government. These forms of governments have been consistently changing throughout time. Throughout all the revolutions and overthrows, the national identity of the Middle East has slowly changed, some parts more than others. Over many years, overthrows in countries such as Egypt and Libya have led to a more democratic government. However, many other countries such as Iran and Iraq have remained more oppressive. The Middle East is still changing to this day. For example, Egypt recently overthrew their president Hosni Mubarak. There are also many protests currently going on in Libya.

‘Temptations OF Power’ is an impressive scholarly work that illustrates the contemporary circumstances of Islamist and Illiberal, uprising movements in the Middle East and North Africa. The book packs Hundreds of interviews with officials of Islamist and illiberal organizations, to advance a new understanding of their political ideologies. Nevertheless, the book gives many stories and details about the political movements in the Arab Nations encountering repression by totalitarian regimes. Moreover, it analyzes the reasons of democratization consequences on other parts of the world excluding Arab Nations. Also, explains various challenges met by the Muslim Brotherhood through different political epochs.

The Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD) was the ruling party in Tunisia from its independence from France in 1956 until its overthrow and subsequent dissolution following Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution in 2011. The RCD is very clearly a state actor, given their standing as a political party and the way in which it and Ben Ali exercised power over branches of government to control the lives of the people of Tunisia. Prior to the revolution, Tunisia was very much a one-party system, where the RCD had the majority of the seats (as much as 161 of the 217 seats in the legislature) (Murphy, 2011, p 299) which gave them almost absolute power in the legislature.

The Revolutions of 1848 and the Arab Spring Movement are similar because of the method the authorities used to stop the uprisings, which is exemplified in France, Egypt, and Syria. In Horace Vernet’s “La barricade de la rue Soufflot,” it shows French uniform soldiers firing onto protestors in a major

1. The country of Tunisia sits atop the northernmost point in Africa, surrounded by Algeria to the west, Libya to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea and Europe to the north. It has occupied this territory since its foundation under the Ottoman empire.1 Since then its rulership has transitioned from regime to regime; each with a history of civil war and corruption.2 The most recent of these ended in revolution in 2011, when Tunisia overthrew its dictator, and established a new constitution and elected government.3 Today it is the only democracy in the Arab world.4 This outcome was internationally championed as a success story, evident by the 2015 Nobel peace prize awarded to the union leaders, lawyers, and human rights activists who facilitated the dialogue between politicians and the workforce for the construction of a new democratic system.5 However, the same economic problems of the previous regime still remain and threaten the political stability that many of Tunisia’s allies, including the United States of America (U.S.), hope to see.6 This paper explores Tunisia through the cultural domains of Politics and Social Relations, Economy and Resources, and finally the country’s relation to U.S. interests.

Egypt has garnered the lion’s share of regional headlines since 25 January 2011. In the wake of Tunisian uprising and Ben Ali departure, the Egyptian people launched a wave of protests in Cairo against Mubarak’s 30-year autocratic rule. Fueling the public’s willingness to revolt was the state’s serious economic condition, highlighted by the government’s failure to provide basic services and address unemployment among the young professional class. Education quality and access were also poor.

To understand the descent of a regime from a timocracy to an oligarchy, first the tenets of a timocracy must be understood. A timocracy first comes into being due to human error of the guardians. The guardians are not perfect, so when choosing the next generation of guardians to educate, they will not always choose the best candidates. Since the current guardians will not always select the children with gold souls, the aristocracy will eventually degenerate into a less just society. Some new rulers will attempt to preserve the old and just ways, while the less benevolent rulers will want private property among guardians, creating tension in the ruling class. Eventually, this tension will be alleviated by “coming to an agreement on a middle

From 1969 to 2011, dictator Muammar el-Gaddafi forced the people of Libya to live under an authoritarian regime, one of which their individual voices were subdued and their lives greatly oppressed by the single enduring voice of their ruler. The danger of opposing such a voice was made inevitable, and considered to be a sign of betrayal for the ones who dared. In The Country of Men by Hisham Matar addresses how ‘living under an authoritarian regime poses risks to adults and their families who want democracy’ by demonstrating what it is like to live in a place where government exercises extreme control over its people and what the consequences of wanting democracy are for the people who are secretly fighting for

Over the past three months, Libya has witnessed unparalleled change. The civil unrest in the country was sparked in late 2010 when a young Tunisian man by the name of Mohamed Bouazizi, lit himself on fire out of frustration of the corruption and exploitation in the country. This act was motivated by an underlying exasperation for the political, social and economic depravity throughout the Middle East and North

A revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both violent and non-violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab World that began on 18 December 2010, later gained the heading “The Arab spring”. The Arab spring began by a twenty six year old boy named Mohammed Bouazizi was getting ready to sell fruits and vegetables in a rural town of Sidi Bouzid Tunisia. Bouazizi was the primary supporter for his widowed mother and six of his siblings. The entire incident originated when the police officer asked bouazizi to hand over his wooden cart, he refused the police women allegedly slapped him after being publicly humiliated bouazizi marched in front of a government building and set himself on fire. The Jasmine revolution in Tunisia, the shock wave swept across the country which threatened the stability of this oil-rich region with repercussion felt internationally. After the world witnessed what happened in Tunisia, it caused a spilled over into most of the Arab countries. Such as Egypt, Libya Syria and Yemen. Aim of this paper is to show that the current situation corollary of decades of failed policies, exacerbated by an unsolicited foreign intervention. The extensive consequences, I will argue, require cautious attention and careful management from international communities as well as the Arab human rights committee. This paper seeks to explore the profound causes that prompted the so called “Arab awakening” and the covert hidden agenda behind the sudden pro democratic

Five years after the arab revolutions began, we can observe many differences as well as similarities between Tunisia and Egypt. Tunisia was the first country that started the revolts, and since then has had many successes, including the adoption of a constitution. Despite many of the setbacks, interruptions, and serious crises Tunisia has been through these past few years, as long as they do not have any more upheavals of power, the evidence seems to prove they can transform their government into a more stable democracy. In contrast, Egypt also attempted to become democratic, but soon after reverted back to an authoritarian and oppressive regime that has become increasingly more militaristic, and at the moment it seems that a new attempt of becoming democratic is unlikely to start unless people decide on gathering again and participating in other uprisings. In order to understand why these two countries moved in such opposite directions, the causes of the riots, external pressures, religious influences, civil rights political liberties and current problems.

In late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the Arab world emerged. It began with the Tunisian revolution when the martyr Mahmoud Bouazizi set fire to himself as a result of the deteriorating economic and social. This led to protests and demonstrations that ended with the fall of the ruling regime. In Tunisia which sparked the beginning of revolutions in many Arab countries, this is known as an Arab Spring. The question remains what are the real reasons that led to the Arab Spring and its effects? the causes of the Arabic spring May be varied, depending on the places, however the reasons can be a corruption in economic policies and demand social justice as the key motives and protests in the Arab world. This essay will discuss the most important reasons, and the effects of what is known as the Arab Spring.

The carnage at Sousse exposed the Tunisian authorities’ inability to tackle on their own the country’s growing security challenges. Tunisia’s successful transition to democracy, the legitimacy of its government and the bravery of its armed forces are not enough to save it. Nor should anyone in Europe and the West comfort themselves with the idea that the jihadist movement will eventually self-destruct.

In late 2010, a Tunisian named Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest against the poor economic situation in which he was living (CNN, 2011). Other Tunisians soon took the opportunity to resist their government and possible overthrow the leadership of Ben Ali. They took it as their responsibility to fight for the common good. Simple demonstration against the Tunisian government soon went ahead to an extent that Ben Ali had to leave the country. The events that followed the departures of the Tunisian president were the least expected. The revolts in Tunisia spurred citizens of other Arab nations to revolt against their governments. By the end of the years 2011, the Arab spring had claimed the presidency of three long serving presidents and

Although the people’s voice is being heard and changes are being made, blood flows down the streets as people are being killed violently everyday. Many people believe it would have been more beneficial if the Middle East had completely avoid the Arab Spring or at least have gone a more passive road. Through the history of the region, leaders of Arab countries have anchored their position to later become rich and