The Integration Of Officially Integrating Borrowings Into The Host Language

phonology - rules relating to the sounds of words and their constituent vowels and consonants.

c. Isolate and pronounce initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single‐syllable words.(1.RF.2.c)

The first concept I am going to talk about is language borrowing. Language borrowing is basically when you loan a word that is imported into a certain language called loan form. These forms now function in the grammatical processes, with nouns taking plural or possessive forms of the new language receiving native morphemes. An example would be the English word alligator. Alligator came from the Spanish which is el largato. El largato in Spanish means lizard. Loanshift another process that occurs also known as calque is when adapting native words to the new meanings. "The verb bad mouth . . . is a calque or loan translation: it seems to come from Vai day ngatmay (a curse; literally, 'a bad mouth ').

I will determine whether [æ] and [eʌ] appear to be allophonic or contrastive by examining those target sounds in “Dataset B” and “Dataset A”. Both sounds are present in the datasets but they are never seen together in the same word. The environments of the sounds are determined in (i) and organized by sound to see if there are any patterns that arise.

The first, A list of 10 monosyllabic words which are phonologically similar but not semantically related (A list) was adapted from (LS) “white, height, night, light tight, write, might, quiet, bite, fight” (p 30). The second list comprised of 10 words which are semantically related (B list), similar in length, word class and frequency with the phonologically related words, dear, sugar, savory, sweet, tasty, flavor, honey, dessert, candy, treat . The level of frequency of the words were determined with the use of corpus (COCA and BNC). There are slight variations in the level of frequency of the B list words. Nevertheless, The lists were presented orally and

Sound changes don’t have randomly; it follows sound change rules. For instance, English and Spanish are both in the Proto-Indo-European language family and the origin constant P in the Proto-Indo-European became F in English but maintain same pronunciation in Spanish, such that the word father in English, is padre in Spanish.

It was such a pleasure taking this class. I was always interested in linguistics and wanted to dive deeper into the subject. Linguistics is a very broad topic with a lot of information to cover. While taking this class, the information provided refreshed my mind about many concepts and situations that I experience on a daily basis. It’s easy to wake up and take advantage of the day without acknowledging different uses of language. It’s imperative for everyone to become more aware of how everyone communicates; families, friends, employees, public figures, and even companies. Language is apart of who we are as a human race and it’s beautiful to break down the barriers and learn more about it.

Known as the language of love, many people view the French language as an intriguing language. Unfortunately, not everyone knows the complex history of the French language. If examining the geographic area in which French has come to be then it is easy to see there are a great many factors that have influenced its formation over time. Many of these include the cultural influences of whichever group held political control over the land or the changing social attitudes of those people.

Code-switching is considered a phenomenon in communication, where the speakers, typically bilinguals, alternate codes such as languages, dialects, style or accent within a conversation to accommodate interaction needs (Gladkova, 2017; Shay, 2015). Even though code-switch users are considered to be language incompetent, and to impure languages, the process serves many positive purposes in multiple contexts. Switching between codes is a behaviour to utilise lexical resources of both languages or to emphasise the meaning of the delivered messages, to define personal or groups’ identity, and to aid teachers in conducting language lessons.

Also called Language mixing, is when two languages get used at the same time. There are a few different ways one can code switch. The first is semantic Ex. Quiero más juice. The second is Morphological or syntactic Ex. It’s rany-ando. Lastly there is phonological Ex. Ball-o.

English linguistics has many specialties. Whereas semantics about sentence interpretation and syntax is about sentence formation, phonetics and phonology cover the field of sentence utterance. Phonetics is concerned with how the sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived whereas phonology is concerned with how sounds function in relation to each other in a language. In what follows we will discuss the meaning of both phonetics and phonology and show the difference between them in detail.

There is many reasons that language may change. Nicole Mahoney writes that reasons for change can be responses to social, economic, and political pressures (Mahoney). Other reasons are invasions of towns and villages, colonization, migration, and interaction with people who speak other languages. An example of one of these is “Adios, amigos!”. This probably seems like a phrase you hear all the time, to you it is just common phrase. A hundred years ago, however, if one was to say this, others would have no idea where it came from or what it means. Through migration and interaction with Spanish speakers we have learned now common words and include them in our casual everyday language. Examples are “Hola!”, “Adios!”, “Te amo”, and etc. Linguists believe a major agent of change is due to children. Children hear the language their parents speak and start to internalize it in a different way.

Loanwords is considered as an important contributor to diversification of Vietnamese language for centuries, from the past to the present and will be continued in the future. Just pay attention to some daily sayings, we will find that using loanwords really plays an essential part of our life and we, probably, do not recognize that

In a film, actors mimic phonological elements of their target character voices to create unique characteristics of certain speakers. In the movie ‘The Book Thief’ Emily Watson acted as Rosa Hubermann, a mother in a German family. Watson attempted to imitate a German accent by adopting into the native language, mimicking the phonological elements in German. People encounter difficulty when speaking their second language (L2) as both their first (L1) and second language may be phonologically distinct from one another. Resultantly, phonemes from L1 might be utilized to replace the unfamiliar ones in L2 (Vokic 2010). This essay attempts to identify three phonological elements adopted by Emily Watson to mimic a German speaker.

Every language constitutes its own sound system, and this sound system is a very important aspect when learning or studying a language. Along with this sound system are the prosodic features of a language. This study is about the phonological system and the prosodic features of