The Integration Of Uzbekistan And Islamic State

Al Qaeda was founded in 1988 by the most wanted terrorist in America, Osama Bin Laden, to bring together Arabs who fought in Afghanistan against the Soviet Invasion. Al Qaeda works with allied Islamic extremist groups to take over regimes it deems "non-Islamic" and remove Westerners from Muslin countries. The organization first began with three members and now there are approximately 200 to 1,000 current members. Al-Qaeda began to construct and offer training camps and guesthouses to its recruits; while they also attempted to pull in U.S. citizens for financial, communication, and operation reasons for the benefit of Al-Qaeda and its other affiliations. By 1990 Al-Qaeda was providing military and intelligence training in various areas including Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Sudan.

For over 2 centuries, Afghanistan has known virtually no time without war. Beginning around 326 B.C. with the conquests of Alexander the Great, to the Persians, British, Russians and most recently, America and our NATO allies, Afghanistan has been cultivated into the country that it is today through a trial by fire. Regardless of this relentless onslaught of foreign military power, the Afghan people have tirelessly defended their homeland with no outside power ever being able to subdue them completely. Following the withdrawal of the Soviet Union in 1989, the country fell into civil war, torn even further apart by fiercely dedicated tribal warlords. This power vacuum led to the rise of a group called the Taliban. Led by a one eyed man

To begin, Mujahidin was a rebel group during the 1980s that Ronald Reagan had funded. During the war the United States gave financial as well as military assistance to Mujahidin (Davis Moorhead). A reason why the U.S. helped Mujahidin was because of the relationship that they had with Great Britain. The Soviets had supported the Afghanistan government and Britain was also supporting the Mujahidin (Davis Moorhead). The main reason why the U.S. got involved was to support Mujahidin with military support. Mujahidin had then lead to the well know terrorist group

After the death of Osama bin Laden, his immediate family is hit hard emotionally and attacks western culture, specifically partying and drinking, and uses their money to advertise their outrage with what drinking and partying did to their son and with a net worth of about $7 billion (Frank, 2009) the bin Ladens reach a large amount of people and since most people there respected their opinion, a significant number of Saudi Arabians follow and start to stray from western culture and the temptations it holds when trying to live a “traditional” Muslim lifestyle. A second short term effect of Osama bin Laden dying from alcohol poisoning is bin Laden’s future colleague forming an Islamic Extremist group without bin Laden’s assistance. Abu ‘Ubaidah al-Banshiri, was born in May of 1950 in Cairo, Egypt and had strong feelings against Americans interfering with the politics in the Arabian peninsula. Al-Banshiri formed the group al-Qaeda with other men who felt the same. Al-Qaeda tried to get people to join the group and, “issued a fatwa, or religious edict, holding that “to kill the Americans and their allies—civilians and military—is an individual duty for every Muslim…” ( Funk &

There was an extreme group called Afghanistan’s government, Also known as The Taliban. They were protecting

While Usama bin Laden was attending King Abdul-Aziz University, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. He had maintained contact with some of the pilgrims he met during Hajj that stayed with his family, and with his two teachers that mentored him while attending the university. These are the individuals that influenced him to journey to Afghanistan within the first few weeks of the invasion. “During the early stages of the mujahideen (Holy Warrior) resistance, bin Laden traveled to Afghanistan and Pakistan to meet with scholars and leaders who had been guests at his family’s house. He began lobbying for the mujahideen and raised large amounts of money for their cause.”2 After his initial trip to Afghanistan, Usama bin

The situation in Afghanistan actually began in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded their country. The United States funded money to the "mujahedin," or holy warriors, in the name of stopping communism. From this support, Afghanistan was able to defeat the Soviet Union in 1989. Yet the country became very unstable after the war. Political power was fluctuating often and leaders came in and out of power rapidly. Farmers resorted to growing many drugs such as poppies and marijuana and sold them around the globe. Cities were annihilated. Over five million Afghanis fled to other countries in search of a better life. When the Afghanis turned to the United States for help in rebuilding our country, we refused. This caused great anger amongst the Afghani people directed toward the United States. This also lead to Mullah Mohammod Omar, the current leader of Afghanistan, to form a ground of men to "rebuild" his country. They are now known as the Taliban. Omar's personal description is, "A simple band of dedicated youths determined to establish the laws of God on

The leader of this group was called Osama bin laden.Suprisingly enough it took usa 10 years to finally catch him after the 9\11 attacks. He was then sentenced to death and killed.

2001-Al Qaeda terrorists in Afghanistan are targeted by the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), and the CIA’s

Before the 9/11 attacks, Al Qaeda’s history is packed with mostly unsuccessful attempts to fulfill its most enduring goal: the unification of other militant Islamic groups under its strategic leadership. Osama Bin Laden’s efforts to build an “Islamic Army” began in the mid-1990s when he was based in Sudan. However, his mission failed because he had no ideology around which to build unity and attract new fighters and other terrorist organizations.

In 1988 bin Laden founded one of the world’s most infamous terrorist groups, al-Qaeda (the Base). Al-Qaeda's purpose was to encourage muslims to join jihad and perform acts of terrorism and violence, especially towards western countries. The following year bin Laden returned to his home in Saudi Arabia to collect donations for his new group and to help with his father's construction company. The Saudi Arabian government had been notified of bin Laden’s plan to collect donations, so the confiscated his passport, forcing him to stay in Saudi

What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surrounded himself with strong solders who specialized in ambushes, and hit and run tactics, they referred to these highly trained soldiers as “Janissaries”. The empire they built was the largest and most dominant of the Muslim empires.

Entry of the United States army into Afghanistan in 2001 led to the removal of the Taliban supported government from power. As a result, President Hamid Karzai formed the government supported by the US-led international security assistance force (ISAF).In retaliation. Taliban regrouped and began an aggressive campaign against the government and forces allied to the United States. Thought the group majorly targets government forces, the number of civilian casualties has remained high. Successful campaigns by the US and forces loyal to President Karzai dismantled the group’s leadership and organization. However, a campaign by Mullah Mohammed Omar gave it a new lease of life, leading to increased recruitment drive. Consequentially, the group

Islam, Gender and Education in Kazakhstan Nazgul Mingisheva (Karaganda Bolashak University, Kazakhstan) nazgulm2006@gmail.com Paper presented at the ASN World Convention Columbia University, April 19-21 2012 Please do not cite without the author’s permission © Nazgul Mingisheva

Uzbekistan is a former soviet bloc country in the central Eurasia region. It was a functioning member of the USSR from 1924 all the way until the fall of the Gorbachev administration in 1991. Since then it has struggled with the formation of a functioning democratic system within its own borders. It has formed what appears to be a form of the famous multi-representative democratic system, modeled after the system birthed by the United States. However, it has done poorly at that and has descended into what could be accurately characterized as a single party state, masked from that definition by shady bureaucratic technicalities. The president of Uzbekistan, Islom Karimov, has unconstitutionally sustained his presidency since the formation of the democratic system. He holds an inordinate amount of power with the ability to supersede both the legislative branch through dissolution and the judiciary branch by blatant executive power. He has diminished opposition by allowing only parties that support him in elections, and only voters that are registered to those parties. Furthermore, Karimov has eliminated the right to protest, resulting in the arrest of many and even the death of some unlucky dissenters. Because of the amount of power the president holds, other political officials exist solely to uphold the wishes of the executive branch, with little power to do much of