The Internet Essay

The beginning of the Internet is well known. It was a United States Defense research program named ARPANET. The internal structure of ARPA that reared the network development during its first years is not as well known. Inventing the Internet explains how the little agency was created in 1958 to respond to the Soviets' successful launch of the world's first artificial satellite. ARPA did not own a laboratory.

It is important to know the history of the internet. The internet is a worldwide network of computer systems that are connected to each other by cables (Howe, 2012). The internet first started out as a military experiment. In 1957, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created by the United States department of Defense (Computer History Museum, 2004). The project was started after the Russians launched a satellite into space for communication reasons. The satellite was called SPUTNIK (Computer History Museum, 2004). It was rumored that President Eisenhower got worried and decided to get the United States to launch its own satellite. They recruited Dr. Joseph C. Licklider of MIT, was made head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)(Computer History Museum, 2004). Their purpose of the project was to focus on improving the military use of computer information.

It wasn’t until three year later, in 1965, that a working method was created. This method was called “packet switching,” and would allow information to be transferred between computers on the government’s

The two authors follow the story from the conception of the idea of "packet switching" in the early 1960s to the creation and development of the Internet. We see how one idea led to another and how the intelligent people around the circumstances influenced the developments.

How it’s all begin: Michael Aldrich, an English inventor, innovator, and entrepreneur are credited with developing the predecessor to using the internet in business. The idea came about during a stroll with his wife and Labrador when Aldrich lamented about their weekly supermarket shopping expedition. They were thinking that they could use some help with the boring weekly supermarket shopping expedition. This conversation inspired him to think about an idea to hook a television to their supermarket to deliver the groceries. Immediately after the discussion Aldrich quickly planned and executed his idea.

network (ARPANET) meant to promote the sharing of super-computers amongst researchers in the United States.” (Kristula, pg 68). Through the next couple years there were talks of about how this network could come into the cooperate world. In 1969 researchers at four US campuses created the first hosts of the ARPANET. They connected the Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, email quickly became the most popular application. The ARPANET became a high-speed digital post office as people use it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. In 1971 the ARPANET grows to 23 hosts connecting universities and government research centers around the country. In 1972, the Inter-Networking Working Group becomes

They saw a great potential value of Internet in scientific and military field, and sharing the informations. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT was one of the visionary people. He’s the first one who proposed the global network. Then the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) took over the program of developing global network at late 1962 with MIT and University of California at Los Angeles. At 1965, they connected a Massachusetts’ computer with a California computer which was a big progress. Robert moved to DARPA and started his plan for ARPANET which was the real start of the Internet’s life. At 1969, during the Cold War, the program’s purpose changed to "to aid researchers in the process of sharing information, and not coincidentally to study how communications could be maintained in the event of nuclear attack". Fortunately, with the developed of Internet technique. It’s usage became wider. Like later the emergence of ARPANET include many usages such as file transfer, sent e-mail, and even online discuss. In 1973, APRA continued a program named “Internetting Project” for "to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks". The development of Internet had never stopped. By 1980s, private could use Internet which we called “TCP/IP”, and it was funded by National

That paved way for development of more advanced digital tools such as computers. By the end of the 1960s there were numerous governmental organizations, military as well as some other organizations that had employed computers for their use. The conception of the idea of internet was laid down when ARPANET (an early packet switching network) was used to send a message in the year 1969. ARPANET was the first network that implemented the TCP/ IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol),a technology used even today for transmission of data packets in internet. Many other packet switching networks such as Mark I, Tymnet, Telenet that workedon various protocols were developed apart from ARPANET during the 1960s.

Perhaps one of the greatest inventions of out time is the Internet. Without a doubt, the net has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives. The formation of the Internet has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. Nevertheless, the Internet might have never materialized if it had not been for some innovated thinkers from the Advanced Research Project Agency, who created "ARPANET." In collaboration with several educational and research institutions, the agency created the packet-switching technologies that form the basis of the Internet today.

The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet. (Bill Stewart, 2000)

Internet2 was formed in 1006 with an original 34 institutions participating. With Internet2, the Clinton Administration was trying to advance technologies for many people. Their first step was to connect 100 institutions at 100 times the speed of the current internet. The applications generated by this research have already had a positive affect on fields such as health care, national security, distance learning, energy research, environmental monitoring, and manufacturing.

| ING had to create networking protocols to communicate with a variety of systems, including IBM mainframes and DEC mini computers and HP’s own three

For many of us it’s hard to imagine a world without the computer, but this technology is still relatively new. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer, developed by John Atanasoff and Cliff Berry, which is considered to be the first electronic digital computer, wasn’t developed until 1937. (Mackintosh, 1987) This development led to the creation of the modern computer, however, it wasn’t until 1973 that Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn laid the groundwork for what we now call the internet. (IHF, 2016) They created network protocols, enabling computers everywhere to connect and share information with each other. These protocols consist of a set of rules and standards to eliminate communication failures.

The computer network is computers and other devices have to be connected so they can share data and hardware or software resources. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were all connected to be part of the Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) project. This network has evolved to become the internet now. The networks are used to communicate by email, video chat (video conferencing), and instant messaging. It enables many people can share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner and files can be shared. Software or operating on remote systems can be shared.

The internet was only a research project by the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) an agency under the US Department of Defence. In the year 1969, the Pentagon had introduced ARPANET. The internet was only discussed by engineers who built, engineered and nurtured its growth and not by the general public in the 1970s. After a decade, the public still have no idea of the existences of the internet even after the internet has broaden its reach and enlarged its info resources and services. There were two goals for building a network, first it gives opportunities to scientist from various locations to work together on military projects and share information; second goal is whenever a disaster occurs like a nuclear attack and parts of the network has been disabled or