The Internet : File Sharing, And The Distribution Of The Internet

Once one of the computers is properly configured as a file server, users can access the storage by mapping the drives on the respective computers. The file server will be mapped as a drive and users can store, edit and access files directly from the shared storage disk. The disk will be connected to each computer. For example, when a user needs to access any file from the file server, he/she can access the drive that will now be mapped on the every computer (Science - Opposing Views, 2014).

But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,

This allows you to share centrally stored files to all of your connected computers easily. It also makes sharing a printer much easier than transfering everything to one computer as a gateway.

In a client and server caches, an each server cache is managed in one distributed system tier by a number of server members, usually cache server processes. In a separate tier, clients maintain their own caches that automatically call upon the server side to set off cache to update the server with client updates. In addition, the clients can member to server events using both data key specifications and queries. The client/server topology can be extended to any number of tiers.

With working with a Peer to Peer (P2P) network, it’s a type of approach used in computer networking that means every computer will share responsibility for any data processing. This type of networking is common in small local LANs (local area networks), typically found in home networking and even small businesses. This type of network can be wireless and even

A client/server architecture is an end-to-end systems that contains server hosts (contains the resources and services needed by the client) and clients (users or workstations in the network). “Most client/server networks have more than one client to a server so that the system shares computing power. There are a few different kinds of servers to include file sharing, printer services, email services, database services, web services, and a server can used for it power. Clients can access all of these different servers at one time and the servers can serve many clients.” (Techopedia, 2014) For large businesses with office throughout the country web based computing or cloud computing shows the greatest benefit. In web-based computing it is not the local computer doing all the work but rather computers off site that do the work. The user’s computer runs off of a cloud computing system’s interface software which uses the offsite network computers to do the work.

Many of the documents are transferable from the Internet using a member of the TCP/IP family called:

We have discussed some common features, operations and performances of the applications including CAN, Chord, Pastry, Napster and Gnutella. It can be seen that while some schemes (Napster) are less complex to implement the bottleneck scalability proves a strong drawback. On the other hand, the other P2P networks applications even though being highly scalable may become very complex to implement. With respect to the selection of which network is suitable for a particular implementation of a peer to peer network, a careful consideration of factors such as security, scalability, routing performance would need to be considered to strike a balance between any

It is mainly used in small business with ten employees or less. Anymore, and the network can become unstable. In a Peer to Peer each workstation is an administrator and the security is less to be desired. There is almost no central security within the shared network. The only security is a password can be added to your shared file. A different password can be given out to others as read only. Downloading programs and files from the internet are not monitored. Shared documents would be another uncontrolled action which will cause problems.

Not everyone thought this was such a great idea, however. Some objections cite legal or moral concerns. Other problems were technical. Many network providers, having set up their systems with the idea that users would spend most of their time downloading data from central servers, have economic objections to peer-to-peer models. A long-established fixture of computer networking that includes important peer-to-peer components is Usenet, which has been around since 1979. Usenet news implements a decentralized model of control that in some ways is the grandfather of today’s new peer-to-peer applications such as Gnutella* and Freenet*. Fundamentally, Usenet is a system that, using no central control, copies files between computers. So the bottom-line is that file-sharing has been around for a long time now and that its decentralized nature makes is hard to control besides holding each individual sharing files accountable. Peer-to-peer systems go hand-in-hand with decentralized systems. In a fully decentralized system, not only is every host an equal participant, but there are no hosts with special facilitating or administrative roles. In practice, building fully decentralized systems can be difficult, and many peer-to-peer applications take hybrid approaches to solving problems. [1]

Starting in the year 1999, a company called Napster opened up a whole new world to the Internet where every song ever made was instantly available to you on your computer for free. It was created by an 18-year-old Northeastern University student named Shawn Fanning. Napster transformed personal computers into servers that shared mp3 files all across the Internet (Mayer, 2008). It became popular very quickly because exchanging mp3 files freely and having any music desired right at your fingertips had never been possible before. However, this program that provided the privilege of having free instant music to download did not last long, it was shut down after just two years by

Napster, a free online file sharing network, allowed peers to share digital files directly with each other by way of connections through its software and system. The no cost peer-to-peer sharing gained popularity, particularly with trendy music. A&M Records took notice of the free digital music downloads and brought suit against Napster for direct, contributory, and vicarious copyright infringements (Washington University School of Law, 2013).

Computer networking was envisioned in the 60’s as a military-centric command and control scheme. In the 70s and 80s as the amount of computers that were being used increased came the idea that connected computers would make a great forum for discussing topics, meeting new people and renewing acquaintances. During the late 70s to mid-90’s companies and hobbyists were building sites that allowed people to share information using a system called Bulletin Board System (BBS) which allowed people to communicate, download files, and games. Although there were many companies offering different features to people such as forums, emails and the ability to download files. Most people

This is one of the crucial advantages of networking computers. Everyibe can find and share data because of networking. This is beneficial for large organizations to maintain their information in an

Companies like Apple, have decided that it is best to get in with the downloading business. However, an end to the illegal downloading conflict remains to be realized. The RIAA and associated artists continue to wage war against illegal downloaders while computer savvy audiences persist in sharing music files online every day. While it is undoubtedly true that downloading music is a crime, it remains to be proven that it is wrong. Without establishing this principle, most downloader's are likely to continue the activity. Even with new, inexpensive and available means of downloading files, they can still be shared for free online. The rift must be repaired between music lovers who feel that they have been taken advantage of in the past and recording companies and artists who worry about their future livelihood.