The Internet Of Information Technology

This paper gives a clear understanding on the current state of art on the IoT. The primary idea of the IoT concept is the pervasive existence around us of a wide range of things such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, actuators, sensors, mobile phones, etc. These are able to communicate with each other and collaborate with their neighbors to reach collective goals through distinctive addressing scheme.

In its basic form, a typical RFID system has two major components, a reader and tags, as shown in Figure 3.1. These tags are made from a tiny chip, also called an integrated circuit (IC), that is connected to an antenna that can be built into many different kinds of tags including apparel hang tags, labels, and security tags, as well as a wide variety of industrial asset tags. The tag chip contains the product's electronic product code (EPC) and other variable information so that it can be read and tracked by RFID readers anywhere(Impinj 2015).

Regardless of the frequency, method of communication, or the power supply, the goal of any RFID system is to enable specific data to be transmitted between a portable device and the tag, and then be processed and used accordingly. RFID systems are used for objects which get lost, stolen often, underutilized, or difficult to locate in a timely manner.

RFID is short for Radio Frequency IDentification. The solution is comprised of RFID tags and a device that can read

RFID, or radio frequency identification, is the new system that is replacing the use of barcodes. RFID tags allow users to more quickly obtain information from the object that the RFID tag

RFID or Radio-Frequency Identification as the name suggests uses Radio frequency for identification of a particular object. It is similar to a bar-code, scans to retrieve a particular and unique information for identification. It consists of a chip, capable of carrying a maximum of 2000 bytes of data and an antenna uses electronic devices (small in size). The major feature of RFID above other electronic identification mechanisms is that the RFID device need not be precisely positioned wrt the scanner.

(a) Label after entering the magnetic field, receive the radio frequency signal from the reader, with the energy gained by the induced current send product information stored in the chip (Passive Tag) or by the label initiative to send a frequency signal (Active Tag) reader read the information and the decoding, sent to the central information system on data processing. A complete set of RFID system, through the Reader (Reader) and electronic label (TAG), that is called Transponder and application software system of three parts. The working principle is the Reader to launch a specific frequency radio waves of energy to the Transponder, send the internal data to drive Transponder circuit, the Reader will receive interpreting data in a sequence, for application to do the corresponding processing. RFID card reader and electronic tags between the communication and energy sensing approach can be divided into roughly: Two kinds of coupling and backward scattering. The general low frequency RFID mostly uses the first kind,

The main idea behind the working of the Internet of Things revolves around increased machine-to-machine communication or M2M communication as it is called nowadays. It’s built on cloud computing and networks of sensors that can collect data and store it. The Internet of things offers mobile, virtual, and instantaneous connection. It is all about installing sensors (RFID, Bluetooth, GPS etc.) and connecting them to the internet through the use of specific protocols for data transfer and communications, in order to achieve intelligent recognition, location, tracking, monitoring and management (Zhang, Kim, & Mohammed, 2015). Thus, the Internet of things really comes together with the connection of sensors and machines. The real value that the Internet of Things creates is at the intersection of collecting data and using it for future use (Burrus, 2012).

RFID or Radio-frequency identification is a technology used to track objects using electromagnetic fields that transfer data. RFID chips are incorporated into small tags, that are then attached to objects that requiring tagging and tracking. As stated by Mark Roberti (2005), RFID has come a long way since being invented in 1935, from being used in the radar system during the world war to being developed into a more passive RFID system by the Germans and then into more advanced roles of anti-theft systems used by many companies in the form of electronic article surveillance tags. This system went on to be used in more advanced uses such as unlocking doors without keys, tracking nuclear materials, automated toll payments, tracking cattle for agricultural use, contactless cards for payment systems and anti-theft systems in cars. Later by 1990s, IBM developed ultra-high frequency RFID system. This system made its way into supply chain management for the purpose of tracking them, thanks to two professors David Brock and Sanjay Sarma who

RFID tagging is an ID system that uses low-frequency detection device for the purpose of identifying and tracing. It includes the tag, the device which reads and writes and host system for the application of data collection, processing and transmission which relies on storage and retrieve data remotely using a tag or transponder [1].

RFID Technology is increasingly being used all around us. Common uses include EZ Pass, Speed Pass and chips in pets. According to Technologies: RFID/ What is RFID? Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. The three components of an RFID system are (1) the antenna or coil, (2)

Applications of IoT is countless when devices, processes and people are integrated to form a complete picture. Shoppers receive offers on their smartphones after communicating with beacons (a low-cost piece of hardware used to transmit messages or prompt to a smartphone or tablet), while manufacturers and distributors receive alarms at dock doors when outgoing shipments are incorrect, based on RFID readings.

An Internet of Things (IoT) system connects the physical world into Internet via radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and mobile devices. IoT is an intelligent collaboration of tiny sensors and devices giving new challenges to the end to end communication of things.

RFID or radio frequency identification is the name given to the "technology that uses radio waves to transmit data and uniquely identify an animal, person, or thing" ("radio-frequency identification," 2013). An RFID system includes a transponder including an antenna and a chip that can easily store a significant amount of data such as location details, manufacturer details and product numbers if any. There are three basic types of the RFID readers. Fixed readers with an external antenna which are often used at the entry points of the yards. Handheld readers are used by personnel moving through the yards or the space. Then there are mobile readers which are set on the moving vehicles and moving equipment for increasing accuracy and tracking the process ("Advantages of RFID in Transportation and Logistics", 2011).

Over the years, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has evolved tremendously overtaking all the other wireless modes of data transfer and identification technologies. It has a huge advantage over the barcode technology, some of which are additional information storage capacity, a line of sight detection is not required and so on. Barcodes also have the disadvantage of being harder to detect during broad sunlight or some other factors like being smudged or when printed on certain substrates. (R.Want, 2006). Hence, RFID is used