The Intertropical Convergence Zone Plays a Large Role in the Climate

From the CER maps (Figure 9), it can be observed that in 2013 ISMR the entire region had witnessed high CER values while other years were partially cover by cloud drops of different radii. The high rainfall intensity during 2013 ISMR could be the manifestation of the high CER values observed during that year compared to the other years (Figure 12). However, the low CER values in the other years can be seen in conjugation with high aerosol loading during that period. Similar trend is also observed in LWP plots for the study area during 2012-15 ISMR (Fig 13). It is evident from the figure 9 that LWP varies from low to high values over the region while, it is more homogeneous in 2014 and 2015 ISMR. The OLR was considerably

An example of a catastrophic climate change is a period known as the “Younger Dryas,” an epoch in time when the mean global surface temperature dropped drastically in a couple of decades and lasted for one millennium. Although the circumstance of the Younger Dryas is quite different compared to the present, it shows how cataclysmic a drastic climate change could enforce. Two important or major definitions presented in the work are mean global surface temperature and (global) climate. Mean global surface temperature is defined as “average of the air temperature measured at the land surface and of the surface water temperature measured over large bodies of water” (Jordan, 2006, p. 159). As for global climate, according to Jordan (2006), “the average of the global weather…over a time interval appropriate to the rate at which the climate is changing” is the best definition. These two terms appear frequently throughout, which shows the significance of comprehending the meaning as it relates to the argument and explanation.

The Earth has been experiencing a considerable amount of climate change for the last several decades. Natural factors that contribute to the climate system consist of: solar output, volcanic activity and earth’s orbit around the sun. The two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate exist in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. The earth’s energy balance primarily influences the amount of incoming energy from volcanic eruptions, which have a relatively short-term effect on climate. Changes in solar output have contributed greatly to climate trends over the past century. The effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been at least ten times that of changes in the Sun’s output and the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface, receiving twice the amount of earth’s radiation. Although the sun is the engine that drives all the weather, oceans and atmosphere control the sun 's energy along certain

“‘We know even relatively small amounts of sea level rise affect us,’ [Carl Spector, commissioner of Boston’s Environment Department] said. ‘All the models we’re seeing are concerning’” (Abel). Climate change, the warming and changing of the Earth’s atmosphere, has become a very prevalent issue over the past century. Despite having numerous sources in terms of hard evidence, many people still do not believe in the effects of climate change. Sea level rise is one effect of climate change that may change the minds of many because of its reality in today’s world. This issue is especially relevant in the Northeast because of several factors that further affect the sea level rise. In order to stop further effects on the Northeast, legislators must

St. Louis falls into the mellow midlatitude atmosphere gathering, and this is a district loaded with air mass complexities (Hess, 2011). These differentiations cause a mixture of unsettling influences in the air leaving St. Louis with an assortment of climate (Hess, 2011). The summers have a tendency to have more precipitation with the coastal stream and incessant convection (Hess, 2011). However winter can encounter rain and periodic snow due to midlatitude typhoons (Hess, 2011).

The scientific definition of a hurricane is “an intense storm of tropical origin, with sustained winds exceeding 64 knots, which forms over the warm northern Atlantic and eastern North Pacific oceans” (Ahrens 316). Each year, from approximately June 1st to November 30th, the world is forced to suffer through hurricane season. Through the duration of this time period hundreds of storm systems emerge from the tropical regions which surround the equator. From these countless storms over 50 will intensify to hurricane levels.

Chapter four of our textbook, while making the aspect of physical geography a priority concerning weather and climate, take special care in introducing the topic of hurricanes as well as changes in air pressure and ocean currents. Hurricanes can be described as low-pressure areas which begin over warm waters. As they develop, hot, humid air at the surface rises which aids in the suction of air. This causes cumulonimbus clouds to appear. The energy these clouds release warms the center which contributes to the distinctively calm core commonly referred to as the eye.

Agriculture is one of key industries in both sub-Saharan Africa and Australia. In the recent few decades, agricultural production is under serious threat from severe drought, and the drought has triggered a series of chain-reactions involving important economic and social issues. To cope with various challenges, sub-Saharan Africa and Australia have already taken multiple approaches.

It is important to understand the various cycles our atmosphere goes through due to how they affect our daily lives. The ENSO Cycle has a large impact globally and locally in California as we have seen with the long-term drought Southern California is currently in. The ENSO cycle can be defined by sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Equatorial Area known as Nino 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Unusually cooler waters (-.5 degrees centigrade) occurring for three consecutive months outlines a La Niña. La Niña’s bring wetter weather to Australia and Indonesia but often leaves the Eastern Pacific dry. Unlike La Niña’s, unusually warm water (+.5 degrees centigrade above average) occurring for 3 consecutive month’s outlines an

Central America is one of the regions most exposed to climate change. A narrow isthmus between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea has especially been affected by droughts, hurricanes and the El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) phenomena within the last century. Soil is the largest terrestrial organic carbon pool and can act as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2. Although reliable soil carbon (SOC) stock measurements of major ecosystems are essential for predicting the influence of advancing climate change, comprehensive data on SOC stocks is still scarce for most ecosystems in subtropical areas. Much of the regional economy is based on agriculture, especially in diverse farming systems of smallholders over the last century (Imbach

The Hadley cells are thermally driven, direct circulations in the tropical atmosphere between 30N and 30S which conserve

Global warming is one of the biggies topic issues in our society today, with that being said there are many misconceptions or misunderstandings of what global warming will to affect our worlds climates. Throughout this paper I plan to inform you of what Global Warming is, how Climates work to form severe weather systems that produce Hurricanes and what global warming will do to affect how hurricanes form and act. With severe weather systems such as Hurricanes, Tornadoes and typhoons, global warming will have a serious impact on millions of people across the globe, who are at risk of these violent acts of nature, and global warming will only make these events worse.

[1] Industrial activities, such as fossil fuel burning and other human activities such as tropical deforestation have increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Increasing global temperatures are likely to have extreme effects on global climate and may result in species extinction, changes in agricultural production and deleterious effects on health. Studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of increase of greenhouse gases on the thermohaline circulation. There are several hypotheses that state that the prolonged effect of global warming could eventually “shut down” the thermohaline circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in

The climate in this ecozone can be classified as continental with long cold winters and short warm summers. It is modified by maritime conditions along the coasts of Atlantic Canada. The mean annual temperature varies from -4°C in northern Saskatchewan to 5.5°C in the Avalon Peninsula. Mean summer temperatures range between 11°C to

The winds in this region are called the tropical easterlies. In the Northern Hemisphere, these are called the “Northeast Trade Winds,” and in the Southern Hemisphere, they are called the “Southeast Trade Winds.” A band of generally high pressure near 30( North and South of the Equator is called the Subtropical High.