The Ionic Compound Sodium Fluoride And The Molecular Compound Phosphorus Trichloride?

Another issue of controversy is the safety of the chemicals used to fluoridate water. The most commonly used additives are silicofluorides, not the fluoride salts used in dental products (such as sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride). Silicofluorides are one of the by-products from the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. The toxicity database on silicofluorides is sparse and questions have been raised about the assumption that they completely dissociate in water and, therefore, have toxicity similar to the fluoride salts tested in laboratory studies and used in consumer products (Coplan and Masters 2001). It also has been maintained that, because of individual variations in exposure to fluoride, it is difficult to ensure that the right individual dose to protect against dental caries is provided through large-scale water fluoridation. In addition, a body of information has developed that indicates the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic (Zero et al. 1992; Rölla and Ekstrand 1996; Featherstone 1999; Limeback 1999a; Clarkson and McLoughlin 2000; CDC 2001; Fejerskov

For the lesson observed the objectives was to explain the trends of the periodic table based on the elements’ valence electrons and atomic numbers. Additionally, students were responsible for applying their previous knowledge in calculating subatomic particles to review the Bohr Models and discus the relationship among families in the periodic table. Students will use the information from today’s lesson to make future judgments on reactivity and bonding created during chemical reactions in the next unit. Lastly, students were to connect the information on elemental properties to previous experiences with their health, commercial products, and everyday life.

Fluoride Fluoride is a mineral that occurs naturally in almost all foods and water supplies. The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine. Fluorine, the 13th most abundant element in the earth's crust, is never encountered in its free state in nature. It exists only in combination with other elements as a fluoride compound. Fluoride is effective in preventing and reversing the early signs of tooth decay.

The NRC reported in 2007 that fluoride was considered an element essential to life. Fluoride plays an important role in the body’s ability to perform metabolic and biochemical reactions that help prevent tooth decay and help bone formation. Essentially the government says that the fluoridation of water is more helpful than harmful for people as it is a good use of tax dollars as it treats upper class and lower class citizens equally in dental prevention.

Fluoride has been used by people for many decades. The most common use is in toothpaste. Fluoride was added to toothpaste to lower the amount of dental cavities that one gets, and works by protecting the enamel (outer hard layer over the tooth). Another use of fluoride is in drinking water. It was added to drinking water to also help with tooth decay. Many people are debating whether or not this is truly safe. In the essay, “The Fluoride Conspiracy”, by Laurie Higgs, she talks about the use of fluoride drinking waters and dangers it brings by using logos, pathos, and ethos.

I was placed is Mrs. Basden’s AP Chemistry class at the Highland High School, and I observed on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. I assisted Mrs. Basden with group questions and activities. The AP chemistry course is very intensive and contains a lot of required material to cover within a school year. The majority of the observation was revolved around solving practice problems that will help these students on the AP exam. Due to the rigorous schedule of teaching all the topics that will be on the AP Chemistry Exam, there are not many opportunities for large reading and writing strategies in the classroom towards the end of the school year.

Fluorides are compounds that have been combined with the element fluorine with another substance usually a metal (Cancer.org 2015). Fluoride is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, in soil everywhere, in fresh water and in ocean water (Fluoride information network 2015). Fluorides strengthen teeth already present inside the mouth. Once in the digestive tract they travel through the blood to areas with high

Also, fluoride has long been known as a toxic substance. This is the reason that it has been used in pesticides and rodenticides and now

Are you aware that fluoride that is used to help keep teeth healthy is actually a harmful compound. The number of products that contain fluoride is actually quite high. Many people may not know it is also in our drinking water. The scary thing is fluoride is now classified as a neurotoxin.

1. The main chemical; ingredient added into fluoride isn’t what most people think naturally occurring compound it is a corrosive acid captured in air controlled pollution devices .

Unknown 1 is sodium chloride(NaCl) which is ionic because sodium is a metal and chlorine is a nonmetal, unknown 2 is copper chloride(CuCl2), unknown 3 is citric acid(C6H8O7), and unknown 4 is sucrose(C12H22O11) which is also known as table sugar. From this information gathered from the facts, it can be concluded that unknown 1 and 2 are ionic, and 3 and 4 are covalent.

There is a great deal of debate about the effectiveness and the safety of fluoride, especially in the form of water fluoridation. The purpose of this paper is to provide us with information needed to make an informed decision about fluoride. Fluoridation is the addition of small amounts of fluoride to public water supplies. It is a kind of mass medication and the only chemical added to water in measures over that of naturally occurring water. Actually, fluoride is a chemical element that has shown to cause significant effect on human health through drinking water. In small amount this chemical does not have any significant negative effects on our body, but over consumption of it is poisonous and in severe cases can prove deadly. Some countries

Fluorine is added in water in certain countries and used in toothpaste so that it can strengthen people’s teeth.

Fluoride is an ion which comes from the element fluorine (9th on the periodic table). It’s an abundant element found in the Earth’s crust and it is never found in its free state in nature. Rather, “fluoride only will exist in combination with other elements, in compounds such as Sodium fluoride or Sodium fluorosilicate” (NSW Health 2015). The naturally present fluoride in water combines with these other elements as water passes over or through rocks and minerals. Typically, underground water sources, such as the aquifer, will have higher levels of fluoride than surface water sources such as rivers and lakes. Across the United States, the “natural levels of fluoride can vary between very minute quantities to over 4 mg/L” (ADA 2005). In addition,

For decades, fluoride has been held in high regard by the dental community as an important mineral that is absorbed into and strengthens tooth enamel, thereby helping to prevent decay of tooth structures.