The Iranian Language Essay

Iran(former Persia) is a country located in the middle-east. However, it's not an ARAB country and the people speak persian(farsi) NOT arabic. They are well known for being rich, educated, and good looking. They are also famous for their cats and hand-made rugs.

The Parthians, based in Iran, extend to Mesopotamia. They were seminomadic Parthians that drove the Seleucus out of Iran. They had a federated governmental structure and had especially strong cavalry:

Persian people, or “people of Arya”, settled south of Iran in the plains of Pars. These plains were very fertile. This fertility allowed the Persian’s to grow and expand on sea and land. (Acrobatic, 2014)

This continued to exacerbate the gap between the social classes of Iran. The main reason for the Shah’s confidence in bringing his people prosperity was the mass amount of revenue Iran was generating from Oil. The nationalization of Iran’s oil in the fifties meant increased profits for the nation. Iran’s economy was growing exponentially; its GDP was five times higher in 1976 than it was in 1960 (Clawson, p.15). Islamic modernists, such as Marxist Mujaheddin-e-Khalq, opposed the Shah’s capitalist economic policies (Diller 1991, p.152). There were several other groups that were not pleased with the Shah’s growing focus on economic growth, including the ulemas (councils composed of local Mullahs or respected religious leaders) (Sanders 1990, p.66). These ulemas possessed considerable local influence, as they were in charge of the educational systems and had influence over the urban poor and bazaar merchants (Diller 1991, p.152). In the midst of all that was going on in Iran, Khomeini lived in exile in Paris. The Ayatollah however, was well informed, and managed to sneak tapes into the country to his supporters and the local ulemas. These tapes spread the word of Islamic fundamentalism to these groups that opposed that Shah, and gave them a binding power that eventually would be the revolution of February 1979. Not long, Khomeini had

Iran was now unprotected, and a new power came into being. The Arabs invaded and the quality of life changed. “People fell into poverty as the greedy court imposed ever-increasing taxes. Tyranny tore apart the social contract between ruler and ruled that Zoroastrian doctrine holds to be the basis of organized life” (21). The Iranian people couldn’t survive with a ruler who had no sympathy or respect for them. Their life was being over run by foreigners.

The complexity of America’s relationship with Iran increased steadily beginning in 1908, when Iran struck oil. The Shah, the king or emperor of Iran, after taking the place of his young predecessor Reza Shah Pahlavi with the help of the CIA, led Iran into a period of extreme wealth and prosperity, the likes of which the Iranian people had never experienced. However, with the growth of wealth in Iran came the growth of Iranian resentment towards the West, specifically the United States. The Iranian’s resented the uneven distribution of wealth that they felt existed and the United State’s influence in “westernizing” their society. In 1963, this growing hatred led to a conflict with the Islamic clergy. The conflict was quickly settled by the Shah, but he was unaware that this dispute was the beginning

In 6th century BCE the Persian Empire was the main empire dominating most of the Mediterranean Sea. It ran from part of modern Afghanistan and Pakistan in to modern day Turkey and portions of Northern Greece. The Persian Empire was a strict state with powerful kings ruling over the massive empire. The empire ruled over a vast ethnic group and proved to have success in diversity, especially with Jews, whose history have been well documented with the Persian Empire.

1. Persian Empire: The Persian Empire was one of wealth and splendor based in Iran and the Persian Gulf. From 557 to 331 B.C.E., it spanned from Egypt to the Indus River. Through conquests, 35 million people came to live under Persian rule. This empire was heavily influenced by previous civilizations, like Babylon and Assyria. Monarchs with absolute, unquestionable power ruled the empire. Ahura Mazda, a Persian god, assigned this authority to the rulers. Because The Persian Empire was so large, it shaped cultures with its taxes, translators, coins, and canals. (Political, Interaction, Cultural)

500 BCE. Indo-European, Iranian Plateau. Imperial system that was under one ruler, Cyrus, and then Darius. First widespread unified empire, from Egypt to India. Crazy amount of culture language and people. Cult of Kingship. If the king dies, people shave their head, cut the mane of their horse short, and extinguish sacred fires. The Persian God claims that the king is the absolute ruler. Royal road, Sardis to Susa. Imperial spies throughout the nation as the king’s eyes and ears. Accepted the liking of the Jews when they came back for their homeland, he allowed them to build their temple of Jerusalem. Standardized coinage, taxes, and a Canal from the Red Sea to

Persia began not as a mighty empire but as a group of people who migrated from Russia to modern day Iran approximately one thousand years before Christ. Although Persia eventually engulfs other cultures and accumulates a vast land mass area, it began as disconnected peoples who settled in different areas of northern and southern Iran. This separation continued until the Medes of northern Iran decided to push south menacing their neighbors. Persian King Cyrus not only fought back the Medes, he seized their land and deemed it his first satrapie.

Ismail I lived during a turbulent time in Iran’s history. It was a period of “political fragmentation and decentralization” [Richard C. Martin]. He was the founder of the Safavid Empire. In 1501, he named himself the Shah, king, of the empire and proclaimed Twelver religion the official religion of state. It took him almost over a decade to consolidate his control over all of Iran, where most of the Persian population still practiced as Sunni. His Qizilbash military was given the task to convert anyone on Safavid territory to Twelver Islam and the army succeeded. Ismail was a remarkable leader when he set his mind to it, yet the Ottoman empire instigated a war against the Safavid empire because of the increase of Shia population. Ismail was caught by surprise and the Qizilbash were defeated. The aftermath of the battle was severe; Ismail was so embarrassed by the defeat he became inattentive to any Qizilbash work and military affairs of state. He broke down and started to write poems about pious Muslims and how they worship their god. The shah died at age 36, after becoming an alcoholic, but the Safavid empire continued for over 200 years after. The Safavid Empire was founded on the unified front of their population, their military strength and intolerance for other beliefs but their own.

The Persians grew powerful during the time of Cyrus the Great around 560 B.C.E, and kept their power for some time. It wasn’t until Alexander the Great lead the Greeks in 333 B.C.E. to conquer the Persians. Meanwhile the Jewish people had been scattered all throughout

Similar to the Roman Empire the Persian Empire stretched across vast lands without any serious rivalry. At the height of the empire it stretched across, not only, Asia, from the Aegean to the Indus River, but also included part of the continent of Africa. We get the word, Persia, from the Greek word Parsa meaning, “Above reproach”. The Persians unlike most other Empires would be ruled under a benevolent ruler. This would bring a large amount of cultural diffusion to the Empire. The empires history is separated into three historical periods: Old Persia (600-300 B.C.E), Middle Persia (300-800 B.C.E.) and modern Persia (800-Present). The height or the Empire was reached around 500 B.C.E. (Ancient and Medieval History

Iran has always, it seems, been the breeding ground for some kind of political upheaval or another. In recent times, back in 1979, there was a major revolution which was, in some ways, similar to the revolution we are seeing today. The people were angry and they were tired of being controlled by the government that was in power. They had concrete ideals and were incredibly passionate about their revolution. The revolution Iran is experiencing today does not appear to be quite as passionate and does not appear to maintain a belief in any real solid political system. They just know they want something different. In the following paper we present an illustration of the current revolution that is taking

Iran was included in the territory of what was then the ancient Persian Empire. For centuries Iran (land of the Aryans) was also referred to as Persia, which was the official name until 1935. Fourteen years had passed before the Iranian government allowed the use of both names. Few groups of people today have significant history like the Iranians, descending from the ancient Persians, who possess one of the world’s richest and oldest cultures. Historically, a variety of other cultures and groups had once occupied the ancient Iranian plateau as early as 4,000 B.C.E, with little importance. Beginning by the third millennium, Persia was ruled by some of the greatest kings of all time, from Cyrus the Great to Darius the III, who turned the