The Issue Of Gender Related Violence

The violence that surrounds homes can be summarized in the culture of violence theory and gender-role theory. The culture of violence theory looks at the broad acceptance of violence in our society and concludes that its acceptance is the foundation for violence within the family. Gender-role theory blames the traditional socialization of children into gender roles. Domestic violence plays a huge part in which parent will have custody of minor children. The culture of violence that is presented tries to understand why and how violence is committed in the family.

There are no single causes/factors that contribute to the violence perpetrated against women. For the purpose of this, the author has divided the types of causes of violence against women into five headings. They are cultural, economic, legal and political.

Millions of adults each year in the USA are affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). “The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) survey conducted from November, 1995 to May, 1996 indicates that each year an estimated 8.5 million intimate partner victimizations occur among the US population ages 18 and older” (Fang & Corso, 2008, p. 303). “As recognition of IPV as a serious societal problem increases, more attention has been directed to risk and protective factors for IPV perpetration, especially the link between child maltreatment, victimization and future perpetration of IPV” (Fang & Corso, 2008, p. 303). More than 80 percent of all victims are maltreated by one or both parents. Several studies have found that children who have experienced child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, or sexual abuse) are more likely as adults to conduct IPV. Of these children, 54 percent suffered neglect, while almost a quarter, 23 percent, suffered physical abuse and nearly 12 percent of the victims were sexually abused (Fang & Corso, 2008).

“Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

Violence against women and girls is internationally prevalent. Regardless of class, age, or race, women everywhere are subject to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic aggression (United Nations, 2015; 1). According to the World Health organization, 1 in 3 women will experience physical and/or sexual violence by a partner a non-partner. Moreover, studies conducted by the World Health Organization suggest that exposure to violent behavior can have detrimental impacts that can affect the physical, mental, and emotional health of a woman or girl; some instances of extreme violence also lead to death. Due to the epidemic of gender-based homicides, the term ‘femicide’ became apparent. The term ‘femicide’ was coined by a woman named Carol Orlock, but was later defined in 2001 by an expert on violence against women and girls, Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide, as Diana defines it, is "the killing of females by males because they are female”. Presented by the World Health Organization, the main types and prevalence of femicide are intimate femicide, murders in the name of ‘honor’, dowry-related femicide, and non-intimate femicide (Garcia-Moreno, Guedes and Knerr, 2012; 1-2). Indeed, the forms of femicide existing vary among all cultures internationally, however, in this paper; I will primarily focus on non-intimate femicide in the region of Ciudad Juarez.

Every day, women experience violence at the hands of men. Somehow, in our society, even rape and assault have fallen into a moral grey area. With the controversy surrounding [that], few pay much thought to the less extreme, but far more common acts of molestation. While smaller attacks are considered innocuous by many, they too can have long lasting effects of and we as women have no way to ever escape.

Janine Latus’ If I am Missing or Dead is a true story that incorporates various aspects of both family violence theory and feminist theory. Although one could argue that overall, the story emphasizes many more aspects of a family violence theory, aspects of the feminist theory are undeniably present throughout the book as well.

In February 2014, Ray Rice, a professional football player for the Baltimore Ravens, got into a physical altercation with his fiancé in a casino elevator in Atlantic City, NJ. Rice was indicted and charged with aggravated assault and the NFL suspended him for two games. Many thought the NFL’s punishment should have been harsher, but the story quickly faded away. Later, in September of 2014, a full video of the altercation in the elevator surfaced and was released to the media. The video shows Rice and his fiancé arguing and hitting at each other; the video ends with Rice knocking his fiancé unconscious and literally dragging her out of the elevator. He stood there calmly, as if this was a normal occurrence, while casino security and others were trying to help her. Rice, being a public figure, brought the issue of domestic violence to the forefront of all media outlets. For several weeks this was the topic of all new stations, magazines, and internet sites. The public was appalled at Rice’s actions and many were angry at his fiancé for sticking by him. Many questions arose about Rice’s case and domestic violence in general. For example, “Doesn’t he know any better”? “Why did she go on to marry Rice a month after the altercation instead of leaving him”? Should he be allowed to play professional football any longer”? All of these questions and public concerns led me to investigate domestic violence further and the epidemic of it in this country. The main question I

After reading this chapter, I am shocked over how much violence towards women goes underreported. I knew beforehand that victims of gendered violence do not report their situation to the police for various reasons, ranging from fear to shame. However, I did not know that reporting of gendered violence is especially rare in communities with women of color. Realizing how minority communities expect the female members “...to maintain silence about sexual assault, to protect ‘family honor and community integrity’” (p.265) was both frustrating and heartbreaking. The fact that the community the woman is a member of, during the time she needs them the most, expects her to continue suffering with her current situation was depressing to read. I can understand how the minority community, and the minority victim of abuse, may want to keep the police out of their situation because of reports about police brutality. However, their denial of receiving help due to stigma against police, who are the most capable for ending the victim’s abuse, was tragic to learn about.

The last decade has seen significant developments in the law surrounding domestic violence, as the topic shifted from the fringes of public consciousness to the forefront of government policy. High profile cases such as the 2010 Raoul Moat manhunt elevated the issue both politically and in the public eye, raising serious concerns as to how domestic violence is handled in both the criminal and civil spheres as gaps were exposed in the protection of more vulnerable members of society. Cavanagh (2007) notes that many victims experience great difficulty in extracting an adequate response from police in matters of domestic violence; she finds inherent discrepancies between the approaches of different departments and officers to serious allegations of abuse. I aim to show that whilst the law has made noticeable progress in the arena of domestic violence, there is still much to be done to ensure the safety of those threatened both immediately and for the foreseeable future.

He says that authoritarian dictatorships and conservative patriarchal interpretations and practices cause violence against women during democratic change (Al-Ali 2014). Masculinity still plays a huge role even though such societies ask for democracy. In order to achieve democracy how could we neglect the issue of gender violence? The roots of violence against women lie in historically unequal power relations between men and women and persistent discrimination against women in both the public and private spheres. Women throughout the world experience violence, regardless of their race, nationality, ethnicity, religion, age, or social class. Men are overwhelmingly the perpetrators. Feminist activists point to male violence against women, including sexual assault, rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence as central to the continuing oppression of women under patriarchal society (Hassan

When reading Women and violence: the effects of dismantling the welfare state, I was lost in memories of a sad time in my life. Morrow, Hankivskey and Varcoe discuss a stressful time between 1980’s and early 90’s when there were massive budget cuts to Women services and Women centres, which lead to a reduction in programs in various areas of need for woman (p. 362). This was further compounded by the reduction in funding to the Family Violence Initiative, which was aimed to affect woman with children (p. 362). Were women; mothers with children were further impacted by massive budget cuts, it determined their choices, leaving them with no choice but to go back to the violent environment or back to the abusive situation. (p. 367)

If an individual is harmed or in need of immediate aid, be it from falling in their own home or being attacked in a parking garage downtown, it’s a common belief that the individual can rely on emergency services to help them. Simply call and help arrives. While this may be true for some situations, it’s simply not the case for many. As seen in the attack on Angela Champagne-Frome, some people – some women – cannot rely on dialing the three numbers for aid. This example appears to reflect a theme in the world of state, law, and social policy. Gender-based violence is an epidemic around the globe, yet there are few cases of the power of state seriously seeking and following through to remedy the local violent statistics, let alone the international

The existence of a gender biased legal system addressing domestic violence serves as a hindrance to men legitimate victims from filing a domestic case because they might feel that their efforts would be futile since there are no sufficient laws protecting them anyway. Once men are able to have a gender neutral legal system addressing domestic violence, they might now be braver to file domestic cases despite society shaming knowing that laws exist for their protection as well. Then eventually gender issues surrounding violence will slowly disappear.

In India, there are many groups who affect the human race either gender like women by many aspects of sexism and violence. This means that there are reasons for sexism in India. Moreover, There is specific research on sexism mostly in favour of men over women. We find that in India there are many social issues of violence against women. The constitution of India has granted men and women equal rights, gender disparity still remains. Gender discrimination violates is a fundamental right so this human right is given to all human in the world from baby to adult not only for men but also for all women.