The Issue Of International Relations

The police in Rio de Janeiro regularly takes bribes from drug lords, abuses favela citizens, and sells back drugs and firearms to the drug trade. Because of this, the favela becomes scared of the police, which can make some places dangerous to be at which can make it easier for people to be killed.

In the last decades, narco trafficking and organized crime had emerged as the main security threats in Latin America. Deviant globalization increase their power by establishing connections with similar organizations in other parts of the world, like cocaine distribution networks, for example. This perceived danger increases the pressure on the governments for effective solutions, and some of them consider that these problems had overwhelmed the capabilities of the local police. Consequently, the intervention of military forces would be necessary to secure the stability of the countries. However, the use of force as the only solution is the outcome of a misunderstanding of the root causes that generates them. This paper presents the research for a general pattern in the region that is helpful to understand how the civil society perceives the failures of governance and how the networks of illegal activities exploit this perception.

For more than 40 years, the Colombia government has been fighting against guerrilla groups and more

Thousands of tiny, cliffside houses surround the city, climbing up into the verdant hills, packed together like brightly colored sardines. These are the favelas, home to hundreds of thousands of the poorest people in Brazil. Many of Rio’s favelas remain dangerous and unstable, but in the past several years the Brazilian government has begun a movement of pacification. Where once police would simply invade, battle a gang and withdraw, they are now permanently stationed to ensure the safety of neighborhood residents. This safety, however, brings with it a new kind of danger: as the favelas are pacified and begin to develop,

In early 2000, the U.S. Congress approved assistance to the Colombian government. Plan Colombia had clear objectives of; (1) reduce the flow of illicit narcotics and improve security, (2) promote social and economic justice, and (3) promote the rule of law.1 The assistance consisted of providing equipment, training, and financial support to the nation to combat the increase in coca and opium poppy cultivation.

Like many other countries in Latin America and across the globe, Peru is no stranger to the economic and social impacts of illicit drug trade. However, unlike most other countries in the region like Colombia, Peru does not experience a high rate or organized crime or violence surrounding the drug trade. Although violence is minimal, the growth of cocoa and the production of cocaine is a massive industry within the country, creating an interesting dynamic between the people of Peru, those involved in the drug trade, and the Peruvian Government. The drug trade in Peru has been fueled by the geography, structure of the criminal groups involved, perceived corruption of the military and police forces, and an ineffective and overcrowded prison system.

Drug trafficking is one of the most serious problems in the world.It is indeed an international concern, especially in the American continent. Sadly, this apparently shows no signs of changing anytime soon. Researchers believe that it will end when the UNODC (United Nations office on drugs and crime.) pressures and investigates corruption into Mexico and the South America‘s Governments leading to intervention and effective punishment. First of all, the US is trying to end corruption within their own borders. It is not known if the full impact of this “disease” or “habit” has been fully recognized. It is not a secret that drugs and illegal immigration is crossing everyday through the borders of the United States, then they must pressure and investigate corruption into Mexico and the South America‘s Governments. what really make the attractive is that the drug business is that it is so productive that it had grab the attention of thousands of people, which have got involved all kind of societies. the rich people wants more money and poor people

It is impossible to think of the modern history of Colombia without images of drug warlords, impoverished citizens, and corruption coming to mind. The history of Medellin, Colombia perfectly embodies this narrative. Once known as the “City of Everlasting Spring” due to its beautiful climate and landscape, Medellin was plunged into decades of terror in the 1980s when Pablo Escobar and the Medellin drug cartel rose to power. As Escobar led his campaign of violence and narco-trafficking, recruiting an army of adolescent assassins, Medellin became the most violent city in the world, with nearly 400 homicides per 100,000 people in the early 1990s. Impoverished children in the barrios of Medellin found themselves forced into lives of crime. Even the death of Pablo Escobar in 1993, while symbolic, did little to slow the tide of war, as the pendulum was already set in motion. When one criminal organization fell, another rose to take its place. As recently as 2002 the government was forced to deploy helicopter gunships and soldiers in the barrios in an effort to regain some semblance of control. “To put it in a word: fear. Medellin was living in fear”. Sergio Fajardo, mayor of Medellin from 2004-2007, faced the daunting task of revitalizing Medellin. Fajardo conquered endemic violence, corruption, and inequality through extensive planning and the execution of a strategy known as “urban acupuncture”, where he targeted critical areas of the city with architectural projects that serve

In a country of struggling economies, many have viewed the drug trade as one South American’ s most successful businesses. Latin America 's drug trafficking industry has been depicted in United States popular culture through motion pictures such as Scarface and Traffic. The purpose of my research is to take away society’s perception of what Hollywood has depicted drug trade to be and bring out what narcotics trafficking really is, as well as trying to coincide with the motivations of those people who take part in this. I will present the origins of drug trafficking, case studies regarding two countries (Mexico and Colombia), as well as the overall effects of the business on South America and United States. Drug Trafficking in South America starts in the early 19th century.

Drug trafficking first started to show itself in Latin America during the years from the 1960s to 1970s, when the use of drugs began to become more popular throughout the youth of this period (“Crandal”). During this time, the people in these exporting countries started to see a large growth in the revenues brought upon by the trafficking, and rural communities began to supply more and more drugs, beginning with Marijuana, but eventually becoming a much larger exporter of cocaine(“Drug Trafficking”). Cocaine began to seem like the perfect drug to traffic

Central American countries, within the framework of a global trend, have lived in recent years an increasing militarization. After the armed conflict, peace agreements and transition to democracy (Nicaragua 1990, El Salvador 1992, Guatemala 1996), constitutional reforms (El Salvador 1992, Nicaragua 1995, Honduras 1995) and the Framework Treaty on Democratic Security in Central America (1995), which had the political intention to strengthen the civil character of public safety within the region. But it was only a passing moment, because the peace agreements clashed with a reality of inequality and weak rule of law that allowed the proliferation of new forms of violence and rising crime (especially against women), organized crime and the strategic

Since 1980 and the entrance of gangs, the violence in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro has skyrocketed. Through the combination of several factors, the favelas have become very dangerous place for its residents to live in. Janice Perlman describes these factors as the ‘ingredients’ that create a ‘violence stew.’ These ‘ingredients’ each add to violence and put its residents in a more vulnerable position. Most of these ingredients are caused by a strong drug gangs, indifferent government with unaccountable police, and vulnerable poor population. Each these alone would not necessarily increase the violence seen in Rio today, but when combined together create this ‘violence stew.’

Brazil is currently undergoing a large wave of gang-related criminal activity that has resulted in backlash towards the police for their inadequate response. Rohter from the New York Times described how the prison gang, First Capital Command, has escalated their crimes to terrorize law enforcement. This pressure has caused the Brazilian national government to act by moving the gang members to maximum security prisons hundreds of miles away from the capital. The decision to separate the members motivated the street affiliated members to increase terror on law enforcement. It was not until the government officials met with the gang leader, Mr. Camacho, to negotiate a peace offering, that the gang called a cease-fire on government officials. To

The article talks about the life inside these favelas. For tourists, these slums may be seen as a place of unique interest, but to the Brazilian people, these slums are the most dangerous places in the country. But the question arises that why can 't the government do anything about these slums. The article describes that these favelas are so dangerous that even the Brazilian armed police are often scared to launch any

Kegley and Raymond stated: “The shape of the world’s future will be determined not only by changes in the objective conditions of world politics, but also by the meanings people ascribe to these conditions.” Terrorism is presently a major factor in international relations and has impacted the world to change in many significant ways. Terrorism is a political ideology that has been problematic in defining definitely because of its various interpretations around the world, as well as the fact that it is constantly evolving. Since the terrorist events of 9/11, the lives of many have been changed forever. A small group of individuals, which are a mere fraction of the population of the world, have managed to impact and shape the way international and domestic relations are looked at and handled. People question how secure and safe they feel due to uncertainty of public safety because of events such as 9/11. The war on terrorism in the 21st century has certainly and inevitably changed the landscape for global politics. However, the relationship between terrorism and global politics is troublesome and in ways problematic to describe accurately. Both terrorism and global politics individually are complicated phenomenon. It is erroneous to propose that one is responsible for the other or vice versa, but they are inextricably and inevitably linked. In the study of international relations, there are multiple theories and theoretical perspectives. In this essay, realism and liberalism