The Issue Surrounding Sydney 's Environment

First and foremost, economic and trade structure which was created in fossil fuel energy resources, and the development of renewable resources produce a major obstacle. The brown and black coal makes that Australia has a stable and cheep electric power since the coal has an abundant cheap supply. (Effendi and Courvisanos, 2011) Because the output of emissions-intensive industries is the high demand overseas, it become a major revenue source of the contributor and the government. Effendi and Courvisanos, (2011) All of this leads fossil fuel electricity generation industry to be a traditional property. It is important to appreciate that this engenders structural inertia and amplifies other barriers such as lack of financial

Australia's power distribution is very effective with very few blackouts and 24 hour assistance in case of emergencies (Metcalfe, 2007). Like any other country, Australia has environmental issues however it is trying to become more environmentally friendly and efficient. Australia is building more infrastructure and becoming more environmentally friendly. China on the other hand does not have effective energy distribution. Blackouts are a common thing in China due to the overwhelming demand for energy (Xinzhang, 2007). Right now China faces the problem that there is not enough transmission capacity to provide additional supplies which results in poor distribution. Coal is the main resource used for energy supply in China by a staggering 63.4% compared to 6.9% hydroelectricity (China Today, 2005). Coal use in Australia is significantly less than this with only 42% of its energy source being coal (Metcalfe, 2007). China has overwhelming carbon dioxide emissions, so overwhelming that China is accountable for 15% of the world's emissions (World Fact book, 2007). This has very negative social costs with acid rain being a frequent problem for China. 5% of China's GDP is spent on trying to fix the social costs of pollution (China Today, 2007). Not only is this not statically efficient, but it is not dynamically efficient either. Therefore, even though both countries have environmental issues, Australia is able to provide a better power supply

The city’s top three energy goals include increasing overall city energy efficiency by 5%, city building energy efficiency by 10%, and the renewable energy usage by 20 megawatts (City of Chicago, 2015a). Further, since 71% of carbon emissions come from the energy used by buildings in the city (City of Chicago, 2015a), it is unsurprising that government has taken notice. As stated by the City of Chicago (2015a), a goal has been set to increase renewable energy use 25% by the year 2026. Reductions in carbon emissions are not only beneficial in terms of energy efficiency, but they also reduce harm to the environment that can lead to climate change (City of Chicago, 2015a). It is also important to note that increasing energy efficiency can include building new, costly infrastructure that will pay off long-term, or can be as easy as replacing all street lights with energy efficient bulbs. In fact, updating street light energy efficiency is such a simple and cost-effective energy usage reduction tactic, it used in many of the cities we have studied this semester, such as Portland (Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, 2011). It is evident that the City of Chicago (2015a) believes that no sustainable effort is insignificant.

Australia’s carbon tax led to a drop in electricity sector emissions by as much as 17 million tons (9%). Many contend that the effects would have been more

Countries around the world have agreed that to avoid potentially dangerous climate change, global warming stay below 2 degrees C. This means that every country, including Australia will need to significantly increase their efforts to reduce emissions. Currently, Australia’s per capita emissions are among the highest in the world, however, there has been recent progress in decarbonising its economy. For example, greenhouse gas emissions have remained stable while economy size has almost doubled. (Pathways to deep carbonisation).

With the increasing Australia’s population the demand for reliable energy to support our power needs now and into the future is escalating, with majority of the Australia’s energy depending solely on coal power with concerns arising on whether this is the best option for Australia’s future or focus more on harnessing green renewable energy. This essay will argue that green energy is the best option over coal power, for the world and Australia’s future, such as solar and wind. The biggest challenge though will be finding a way in being able to harness the resources nature provides to support the growing demand.

Even though electricity has brought mankind great development, “Earth Hour” has packed its campaign with false symbolism. In addition, solar and wind have been good green energy models, but new green R&D should be placed due to their high cost and supply insecurity. This article reflects the subject will be covered in the research essay.

Meanwhile, Australia's natural environment is feeling the impacts of runaway climate change. In fact, Goldman Sachs' chief economist in Australia, Tim Toohey, has suggested that the recent drought poses a grave risk to the economy, further adding to ongoing economic tensions. Just the other day, "The nation's largest coal mine has passed a significant hurdle after Environment Minister Greg Hunt approved it with 'the strictest conditions in Australian history,' in a decision environment groups have declared a disaster."

Low density development and urban sprawl, together with automobile dependency are the factors contributing to global warming. Unfortunately, low density development remains the fastest growing land use in Australia. It consists of homes located on large block of lands. This paper has argued that this pattern of development is unsustainable because it requires significant amount of energy to sustain. The low-density design of Australian cities, together with the large-scale infrastructure for managing resources are key drivers to the environmental problems facing Australia and the principal reasons behind Australia’s exceptionally large per capita carbon and ecological footprints ( Rauland and Newman 2011). In order to decarbonise our cities,

Hydroelectric power plant is one of the major power plants all over the world in order to create electricity. It is also one of the best renewable energy sources on the planet earth. In ranking, Canada is the third largest country to produce hydroelectricity power. The efficiency of this power source is 90% and this is very impressive as the percentage of efficiency is very high. Hydro power plants generate 24% of the world’s electricity. More than 1 billion people are associated with hydro power plants as they use the power supply from hydro power plants.

In conclusion, if consumer electricity rates were to be notably reduced, it would force the Australian government to ,unfortunately, reduce the tax rates or cut off money from hospitals. It would, in turn, become more expensive than it originally was for consumers as they would end up paying more money on the taxes then they originally did on electricity

Hydroelectricity refers to electricity harnessed through hydropower. “Hydropower uses the energy of moving water to produce electricity. Also known as hydroelectric power, it's been used to generate electricity for over 100 years and currently provides about 10 percent of the country's electricity.” (FERC, 2010) Irrigation is the artificial watering of land. It allows countries or regions who normally do not get enough rainfall to still successfully grow crops. The similarity between the two case studies is that both revolve around water, using technology to harness its powers

Hydro power and also known as hydraulic power or water power is uses water to move the turbine in order to convert kinetic energy into electric energy [1]. Besides it is renewable another advantages of the hydroelectric power plant are its produces negligible amount of greenhouse gases, in the way of storing large amount of electricity, it is the least cost, and the electricity produced can be adjusted followed the demanded from the consumers. In Malaysia total capacity of hydro power plants is only around 8% from the total generation capacity. During the generation of electricity, usage of hydro power plant will increase due to

There are those who have taken it upon themselves to try and incorporate renewable energy and sustainability into various fields, including into the field of urban development and construction. By incorporating political approval and support, support from the general population, and the modeling of future green projects on those already completed, a community can move into future projects that focus on sustainability and renewable resources.

In 1919 the New Zealand government purchased a privately owned and run dam as a national control on electricity. Another dam was built in 1929 to assist in power generation. These power stations supplied Auckland, the bay of plenty and Rotorua as well as Waikato itself. Growing need for electricity led to a large increase in dam construction during the mid to late 1900's. Today Hamilton gains most of its electricity requirements from the Waikato river, today 8 hydroelectric dams span along the 425km river. Hydroelectricity supplies up to 70% of all