The Juvenile Justice System Essay

The argument of the reformation of prisons brought attention to young offenders. Transportation itself had ended in 1852, as reformists viewed it as a lenient punishment, however under the Reformation School Acts (1854); courts were allowed to send children for transportation[15] setting double standards within society, whilst historians argue that there were little, if any boundaries between children and adults[16]. The Children’s Act of 1908, established juvenile courts[17] and also banned prison sentences to those less than 14 years of age. This was significant in influencing effective law enforcement, as children were seen with sympathy and compassion. The legislation also showed that boundaries were being set for adults and children. During this period there was a general feeling that children were committing crime due to inadequate discipline and education at home, thus the Borstal System was introduced[18]. The main elements in the borstal programs included; education, regular work, vocational training, and group counselling,

This program had started in 1824 its funding was private and supported by the state of New York. The New York of Refuge had the right to separate children by their gender and what crimes they had committed. They also had the rights to place the children under any private industry in which the employers watched the kids.

“The juvenile justice system was first created in the late 1800s to reform United States policies on how to handle youth offenders. Since that time, a number of reforms - aimed at both protecting the "due process of law" rights of youth, and creating an aversion toward jail among the young - have made the juvenile justice system more comparable to the adult system, which is a shift from the United States’ original intent (2008,Lawyer Shop.com).” The

Remand foster care is alternative form how state reacts to children´s illegal behavior. Traditional manner with offenders between age of 10 – 17 is location to a detention center with a group arrangement. Several countries, especially United Kingdom, operate with an alternative form based on family accommodation. Young offender is placed to a foster parent’s family who have appropriate skills and adequative training. Remand fostering avoids to negative consequences of traditional solution (i.e. bulling, aggressiveness, reoffending) and target to individual approach.

In the early nineteenth century juveniles were treated the same as adults when it came to the legal system. We did not have separate courts or jails for juveniles and they would often receive the same punishments as adults that had committed crimes. “At the beginning of the

Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adults but, rather, rehabilitating them. In 1899, Cook County in the State of Illinois established the first juvenile court. Within 30 years, virtually all of the states had established juvenile courts. The concept of the House of

- In total, an estimated 150,000 children attended residential schools. - From 1890 to the 1950s, the European government tried to make residential schools a problem for churches. - The food that was served to the children was prepared badly and there were little amounts of it. - Clothing

The juvenile justice system faces a substantial task in diagnosing and answering of the mental disorders of the detained juveniles because investigations have demonstrated that it is complicated to distinguish the most effective methods to utilize and enhance the insufficient mental health resources. Mental health treatment among the youth is a matter that has been avoided by the public for significantly too long. Many times, juvenile defendants are frequently deprived of suitable assistance. Yet, we repeatedly disregard the element that although they are offenders, the individual is still young, and fact or not, it is a subject of compassion ought to take part from us to assist these juveniles to prevail over their cruel reality. Juvenile’s

This led to a national movement that would later become known as the juvenile justice system that would spread across all America. The houses would range between 200-1,000 youth. By the end of the 19tyh century just like adult prisons the houses became over crowded, little staff, juvenile prisons were starting to deter. Education began to be pressed into the juvenile systems. “Through this movement the reform school, also called training and industrial schools, became an indelible part of America’s juvenile justice system” (cjcj.org). By the middle of the 19th century’s new innovations was introduced to juvenile systems like out-of-home placements and probation. In District of Columbia (DC), programs were created to help juveniles reenter

History of juvenile treatment in the justice system. It wasn’t until 1824 that the United States began to separate juveniles from adults by opening a separate housing facility just for the juveniles. Prior to that time, juveniles were punished the same way adults were and had to be with them in jail and workhouses. This view evolved when studies and research started to focus on the benefits of rehabilitation instead of punishment being more beneficial for the juvenile offenders. The first juvenile court was established in 1899 and all states had

From an historical perspective, having a legal framework that consists of juvenile offenders is comparatively low (Elrod & Ryder, 2011). Throughout history, children who are as young as seven years old who may have been accused of doing wrong were imprisoned together with adults. In the nineteenth century the whole idea of reforming young offenders’ systems took root all over the United States and the house of Refugee found in the New York that opened in the 1824 became the first juvenile house. This one became the first house of juvenile offenders to be established in a separate facility and other states for example Maryland soon followed law suit (Harvey, 2011).

& Blair, 2004; Lee et al., 2008). During the early 1900s there was concern about the institutionalization of youth and therefore social and legislative reform was put into place to decrease the number of orphanages. With the closing of the orphanages more group home facilities were created, like residential placements, wilderness camps, cottages and school based placements (Freundlich, Morris, & Blair, 2004). The continuation of the group home development in the 1960’s and 1970’s

Sometimes reform schools are called industrial schools because these specific centers teach offenders useful life skills that can be used to make a better life for the juveniles and their families. Since 1846, hundreds of reform schools and industrial schools have been created all across the country (Juvenile Offenders).

The term juvenile is derived from a Latin word Juvenis meaning Young (who has not attained the age of 18 years). A Children have been recognized supremely assets of the Nation. The government of India through its National Policy for Children stated that their nurture and solicitude are our responsibility. Equal opportunities for development to all children during the period of growth should be our aim, for this would serve our larger purpose of reducing inequality and ensuring social justice. Children ought to have been the subject of prime focus of development planning, research, and welfare in India but unfortunately, it has not been so. Despite the Constitutional vision of a healthy and happy child protected against abuse and exploitation, and a National Policy for Children, the majority of children in India continue to live without a cared, protected and meaningful childhood. The juvenile justice system as conceived by legislation aims at providing care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of delinquent and neglected juvenile.

According to The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, “In the late 18th and early 19th century, courts punished and confined youth in jails and penitentiaries… youth of all ages and genders were often indiscriminately confined with hardened adult criminals...”. In fact, the separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old. The reformation of the juvenile system first started with the Child Saving Movement in the 1800s. By 1825, youth who were considered