The Kashmir Conflict-The Importance to India and Pakistan

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of South Asia. It borders Pakistan and India in the Himalayan Mountains. This landscape is known for its raw natural beauty and has stood out in the history and folklore of the Indian subcontinent. At one point in time, Kashmir was aptly named "paradise on Earth". Kashmir excels at diversity. People from all over the world many different religious backgrounds and even more diverse dialects frequent the land. Today however, the Kashmir region is the center a multidimensional problem, with religious hostilities taking center stage.

The physical distance was insignificant compared to the cultural, economic and environmental difference of two parts. The only connection religion was not enough to balance the enormous disparity created through economic oppression and cultural exploitation. Language issue is the most crucial issue because it was important to have one sole official national language. To some extent, every province was upset as many were favour for Urdu language hence their language will be a second-class language. The government failed to understand deep attachment of Bengalis with their mother language. Urdu was spoken in the West and Bangla was spoken in the East. Therefore, because of this language issue, language movement were set up and riots also took place. In addition, the birth of Bangladesh and separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan was due to cultural differences. Pakistan was a multiracial and poly ethnic country and their social customs differed from the rest which this cultural differences led to the rise of ethics nationalism. It was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto who were aware about this cultural divide.

The year was 1971, and although decades had passed since the partition and birth of Pakistan, the dust still hadn’t settled. Pakistan and East Pakistan were separated geographically by India. Over the years, East Pakistan felt discriminated against politically and otherwise, so they rose up in rebellion against West Pakistan. All out civil war raged over the course of the year, resulting in millions of casualties and refugees streaming across the border to India. India, sensing weakness, and backed by the Soviet Union, launched a full-scale invasion of East Pakistan and in no time, Pakistan’s once great army was defeated. Bangladesh was born from the ruins of East Pakistan.

Prior to 1971, Bangladesh did not exist as a state. Instead, it was part of an area called “East Pakistan,” created after India’s independence from Britain spurred Pakistan to create their own independent state. Pakistan at the time was made up of East and West sections, which were separated by religion and culture. West Pakistan looked down upon their eastern neighbors,

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

Agriculture in Kashmir is grown from naturally fertile soil that helps to sustain the economy in the region. Kashmiris enjoy multiple fruits and vegetables grown in their valley that maintains an ideal temperature for successful growth of asparagus, cabbage, cauliflower, beans, and fruits such as cherries, peaches, pears, apples and nuts. The lumber market is also lucrative in Kashmir; trees such as maple, pine, walnut and birch are grown.

Since the mid 20th century an unlikely formidable alliance had slowly began to flourish in South Asia. China and Pakistan’s alliance began in the early 1960’s through the early 1970’s when conflicts between India vs. China and Pakistan had intensified. The Sino-Indian war that took place in 1962 ended as fast as it began. Along with the war that had taken place between India and Pakistan in 1965 and in 1971 when another indo-Pakistani war erupted and East Pakistan claimed independence and is known today as Bangladesh (Hagerty, 2002). In this comparison China and Pakistan had identified their similar interests with their historical and geographical concerns in maintaining “India’s power and influence” within Southeast Asia (Federal China Security Affairs Group [FCSAG], 2010). These are known as Geo-Political interests. There are many definitions of geopolitics but this one more specifically entails “the competition over the control of territory and extraction of resources” (Jonatan, 2012) China and Pakistan have built a friendship that is, “higher than mountains, deeper than oceans, sweeter than honey, and stronger than steel” (Tharoor, 2015), they are collaborating on military technologies and supporting one another’s economic interests. Although the contrasts of these two countries greatly outweigh this entente, with concerns over insurgencies in Pakistan such as it being a safe haven for the Afghani Taliban, said United States President Barack Obama in

Pakistan could not gather international support, it fought a lone battle with few countries supporting it. The United Nations condemned the human rights violations made by Pakistan but they failed to restrain the situation politically before the start of the war. Following the declaration of independence in March 1971, a campaign was launched by the Provisional Government of Bangladesh to gather political support for the independence of East Pakistan as well as humanitarian support for the Bengali people. India provided major diplomatic and political support to the Bangladesh movement. Pakistan wanted India to agree to a ceasefire and asked the UN to intervene but by the time their proposal was finished, Pakistan's forces had surrendered and the war was over. Pakistan was sought for war crimes but the Bangladeshi government was not interested in gathering evidence because of fear that Pakistan and other Muslim states wouldn’t Bangladesh official recognition. This genocide could not have been prevented. West and East Pakistan were once one country, but they were a divided one. Eventually East Pakistan was going to want independence from the West which would have resulted in a civil war just like the Bangladesh Liberation war.

The genesis of the Islam reveals areto the liberal and humanistic origin of the Islam in East Bengal. But this liberal-humanistic the Islam has turned into the Political Islam mainly due to three major regressive a transformations associated with to the emergence within the religious doctrine-based on Pakistan State (in 1947), failure to the punish war criminals (in the 1971 War of Independence) and legitimisation to the communalism by secularism with Islam as the state religion. The Constitution (EightAmendment 1988). The failure of the State are satisfying to the basic needs of the people, growingcriminalisation to the economy and politics, growing inequality to society, increasing youth unemployment, the communalisation of culture and the education, lack of peoples the are main-stream political (democratic) leadership, external environment—all contributed of growth Islamist extremism in Bangladesh. Religious fundamentalism, to the process, has gained momentum shape organisedof Political Islam, which are intends to capture the state power by force. The religious fundamentalist forces have successfully with assimilated of religion with reality are pursuing their of capturing state power to using religion a pretext through the well-organised economic power-based the political process. the fundamentalists have created to an economy within the economy, and the state.

Due to this terrorism and religious hatred, India has lost two of its prime ministers who were assassinated by hired terrorist groups claiming themselves to be warriors of the religion. Terrorist from Pakistan invaded Kashmir with the support of Pakistani government.

Historical truth, however, does not side with Pakistan on Kashmir. The exiting British Raj in 1947 had both the Muslim League and Indian National Congress sign off on the Indian Independence Act. This legislation simplified, or so everyone thought, the divvying up of British India into the sovereign republics of India and Pakistan.

Political identities may be realized in this way but they may be and are accommodated in other fashion (Taylor,1979 p-1) Identity is a quality of the individual that a part of the common criteria of individual maturity according to national perspective. Identity crisis is an important theme of adolescence a time when various type life of law are tired out. It is important to note that one autonomy by the using social links for all. Language, religion and whole politics are each essential. In this way, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have given the great identity to keep off the nationalism through politics.

The war between Pakistan and India in 1965 and 1999 see also (Bose, S. 2009) has shown that India and Pakistan are increasing their military power and facing the challenges. On the other hand, China is behind the Pakistan. So India is worrying if USA and China extend their support to Pakistan and Pakistan prepares to attack Kashmir. Indian central politics are also responsible for improving Kashmir case. Sonia Gandhi (leader of Indian Congress) is a liberal and her party wants a dialogue with Kashmir and Pakistan both.

Pakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to word’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia . When Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as a sovereign and independent state in August 1947, it was like a baby in ICU with hardly any prospect of survival, on account of its extremely vulnerable defence and fragile economy. However, despite numerous setbacks, crises and turmoils of gigantic magnitude, it has so far been able to survive and make some progress due to several factors, perhaps the most important of which is

The break-up at Pakistan and emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state in 1971 was in the strategic interest of India .The two-nation theory on which Pakistan was created had finally failed to withstand the test at time. Ultimately, it was a victory of New Delhi. After the Bangladesh War of independence of 1971, India’s position was further strengthened. During the war India proved to be the