The Kashmir Issue Bedeviling India And Pakistan

On April 9, 1946, Muslim League's Central and Provincial Legislators had requested through a determination that the six territories of Bengal and Assam in upper east and Punjab, N.W.F.P, Sindh and Baluchistan in the northwest be constituted into a sovereign and the autonomous condition of

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of South Asia. It borders Pakistan and India in the Himalayan Mountains. This landscape is known for its raw natural beauty and has stood out in the history and folklore of the Indian subcontinent. At one point in time, Kashmir was aptly named "paradise on Earth". Kashmir excels at diversity. People from all over the world many different religious backgrounds and even more diverse dialects frequent the land. Today however, the Kashmir region is the center a multidimensional problem, with religious hostilities taking center stage.

Modern day Pakistan’s land has traditionally been Muslim for many years. In the early nineteenth century it was ruled by Britain and considered part of the British Indian Empire. In 1947, a partition was granted from the British, and Pakistan and India were created as their own countries. As the previous British Empire divided,

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

“Ideology of Pakistan is the name of moldings of individual and collective lives according to Islam and also of saving from conflicting ideologies.”

The years subsequent the war, Britain kept their promise to India. In return for military labor and free access to commodities throughout the war, Britain would relinquished their hold on the territory thus, allowing it its freedom. In 1947, British India was partitioned into ‘India and Pakistan’ and soon after, was given its independence as a solitary state apart from Pakistan. Although this was what the Indian Independence Movement aspired for, violence between Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus quickly arose (Pierce). The conflict sparked what became the determining factor in the separation of the two states, independently India, and Pakistan. India and its neighboring regions were flooded with mass exodus, people who believed that a Hindu India, and a Muslim/Sikh Pakistan was the best possible way to begin independence packed their things and left, seeking the land of their religious majority. Over 14.5 million people crossed borders. Nearby in Burma (what is modern day Myanmar), Japan had invaded with the assumption that they could easily take hold of the Burmese colony, which was incredibly blessed with

It’s been more than 68 years of so called independence but yet we are not free. Although we were assigned with a new territory and a new title yet we haven’t stood up on our own. Pakistan is enormously confined within a foreign group of countries. And they manipulate us as they want and we are bound to follow them. A country prospers only when the basic requirements, food, clothes and shelter, are rendered to its citizens. But to do so, first we have to liberate our homeland from foreign affairs. There are a number of factors that are responsible for the downfall of Pakistan. Let’s have a look on 10 primary reasons behind the downfall of Pakistan:

On 14th August 1947 we received freedom and got a separate homeland named “Pakistan”. But on 16 December 1971 after the war we lost our one hand that is East Pakistan. The separation has many causes which are following :

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

task for the sake of promoting the Hindu political interests. Also, that Ghandi was just seeking Hindu-Muslim unity. Different groups of people living together cannot constitute a nation unless they have common sympathy, agreement, and interest to an extent. The Hindus and Muslims do not share any common opinions in which they realized a separation between these two religious nations must occur. “Jinnah now finally realized that the Muslim’s, as a separate community, had no political prospects in India. They had no chance of sharing political power with the Hindus; they must either surrender their individuality or cut themselves adrift front the Hindus. The Congress ultimatum was thus the signal for parting of the ways which, by inevitable stages, led to Pakistan.” This is what ultimately led to the partition after India gained independence.

Following the partition of British India, the princely regions had to decide whether to accede into India or Pakistan. Kashmir was led by a Hindu monarch, Maharaja Hari Singh, and he ruled over a majority Muslim population (Ganguly 15). For this reason, Maharaja had a difficult time deciding which state to join. This indecision frustrated Pakistan and pro-Pakistani forces within Kashmir, and rebellions broke out in the Poonch region of Kashmir in October 1947. The First Kashmir War began on 22 October, 1947 with the invasion by Pakistani forces into the Kashmir region

On August 1947, the British Empire partitioned the British Indian Empire into two autonomous and sovereign nations, India and Pakistan. Instantly after the autonomy, both countries joined the British Commonwealth. The autonomy of India and Pakistan made the between religious viciousness of such greatness that trade of populace along religious lines turned into a need in every nation. More than two million individuals moved over the new fringes and more than one hundred thousand kicked the bucket in the spate of mutual brutality, that spread even past these Territories. Significant brutality emitted succeeding the division of Punjab, Bengal, and Kashmir

On the other hand the two-nation ideology stated that Muslims and Hindus in the Indian

Dating back to the partition of India in 1947, the disputes in Kashmir continue on in our present day. This conflict mainly involves India, Pakistan, and China over disputes in territory. This problem was spread throughout a range of states that were run by Maharaja’s prevailing within the newly independent countries Pakistan and India (Insight on Conflict 2016). The people living in India before the 1947 partition had the choice of either joining India or Pakistan, the people were not entitled to remain independent (Kanwal 2014). Maharaja Hari Singh at the time did not want to choose between the states of India and Pakistan he preferred to be independent. He signed an agreement to stay neutral with the both India and Pakistan, this was an honor to India but Pakistan

After 1947, Pakistan felt that Pakistan is deprived because Kashmir has a majority of Muslim people and they have a right to choose their future