The Keystone Pipeline Is A Oil Pipeline

The pipeline is about 75% done but has been stop because of the the Standing Rock Sioux Indian tribe. The pipeline is supposed to go under the cannonball river and

On January 24, 2017 TransCanada submitted a third application for a Presidential Permit to construct, operate, and maintain the Keystone pipeline system to import crude across the international border of Canada into the US. Originally, TransCanada submitted an application in 2008 and another in 2012 during President Obama’s administration. The first two applications received much scrutiny from the State Department, they conducted a combined total of five Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), multiple public comment periods, and analyzed multiple alternative routes. Figure 1 shows the entire route of the Keystone pipeline system from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada through Oklahoma and down to Port Arthur, Texas.

The North Dakota oil pipeline, also known as the Bakken pipeline project, is a controversial underground pipeline development in the United States initiated in the year 2014. It is an access pipeline scheme approximated to run over 1,172 miles or 1886 km underground with 30-inch diameter pipeline from the Bakken oil field in North Dakota to Patoka in Illinois. The plan of the project is that the construction should be in a somewhat straight line from North Dakota, through South Dakota, Iowa to Illinois, with a completion time estimated to be by the end of the fourth quarter of 2016. The projected budget for the accomplishment of North Dakota oil pipeline is $3.7 billion raised through loans and shareholders’ contributions. Upon its completion, the pipeline will transport over 470,000 barrels every day with a potential to transport in excess of 570,000 barrels daily, which constitutes over 50% of the current crude oil production in Bakken per day (Energy Transfer).

The two remaining phases including the additional Keystone XL are not complete and have drawn controversy. In 2005, the Keystone Pipeline was first proposed by a company called TransCanada. Subsequently, TransCanada submitted an application to the United States State Department in 2008, inquiring approval to build the pipeline. Commissioned in 2010, TransCanada constructed the first section of the pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta to Patoka, Illinois (Mathis). After the first section was completed, TransCanada started Phase 2 and 3a of the Keystone pipeline which extended the pipeline from Steele City, Nebraska to Nederland, Texas and eventually it reached its current endpoint in January, 2014. Even though TransCanada has been constructing the Keystone Pipeline for several years, there has not been significant progress. The third phase of the Keystone Pipeline, also known as the Houston Lateral Project, is still under construction and is expected to be completed in early 2016. Ultimately, the Keystone Pipeline’s main controversy comes from the rejected Keystone XL which is a proposed additional pipeline that would be built from Alberta all the way to Nebraska and would be able to carry 830,000 barrels of petroleum in a day (Davenport).

“The Keystone XL (KXL) Project is a proposed 36-inch-diameter crude oil pipeline, beginning in Hardisty, Alberta, and extending south to Steele City, Nebraska. This pipeline is a critical infrastructure project for the economic strength and energy security of the United States.” ( http://www.keystone-xl.com/)

The Keystone XL Pipeline is a 1,897 km, 36-inch-diameter pipeline that exports crude oil from Hardisty Alberta to Steele City Nebraska. Crude oil also known as fossil fuel is a non-renewable, unrefined petroleum made up of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials [1]. It can be refined to make products like gasoline, diesel and other petroleum based products. The crude oil is obtained from oil sands in the small town of Hardisty in Alberta to be refined in Steele City Nebraska. The Keystone XL was first developed by th TransCanada Corp. and ConocoPhillips as co-owners of the Keystone Pipeline proposed to create another branch of the pipeline which would enable it to export a large amount of oil sands and be known as the Keystone XL

With regard to the Western Division, Mr. Bryant then reported on the FGT/Tennessee 500 solution project. Mr. Bryant stated that FGT is in discussions with several potential customers in Louisiana that are interested in bringing gas to FGT’s Zone 3 interconnect and then flow to the west to customers in Louisiana. Mr. Fletcher asked about the growth area. Mr. Bryant responded that potential growth is in Port Arthur and in Mexico.

The company handling the proposed project is TransCanada. According to the TransCanada website (2015): they have 60+ years of handling and constructing pipelines, they are responsible for the transportation of 20% of the continents natural gas. They employ approximately 6000 employees across (including roughly 3,088 Canadians) in seven provinces, 33 U.S. states and five Mexican states. The company is very adept at handling

When working with risk management on an oil pipeline, a thorough review and plan must be completed in order to assure the community and investors that the project is viable and safe to move forward with.

Construction of the pipeline began, after a contract was signed by Energy Transfer Partners, on September 22, 2016. The $3.7-billion-dollar oil endeavor would transport 470,000 gallons of crude oil, daily, from North Dakota Bakken region, through South Dakota, Iowa, and onward to Illinois; potentially polluting not only the land of Native Tribes, but the land of millions of American citizens as well. In North Dakota construction has rapidly advanced towards protest camps, and reportedly

Alberta’s tar sands are considered one of the largest crude oil deposits in the world, and remain largely untapped. Out of all Canada’s current oil exports, 99% of it goes to the United States (Government of Canada, 2015). This high dependence leaves the Canadian oil industry susceptible to the (lack of) demand in American markets. The necessity for the emergence of new oil markets is an imperative concern for Canada, considering the proposed Keystone XL pipeline faces substantial opposition in the U.S that threatens their reliance on the Canadian oil sands. Investment in the project is mostly from foreign entities, as Enbridge makes up less than half of the partnership. Major investments are coming from Asia’s largest refinery company Sinopec Corp, China’s National Offshore Oil Co. that bought out Calgary’s Nexen for a reported $15.1 billion in 2013, and PetroChina, which have a large stake in the new oil sands

adjacent to the already existing Trans Mountain pipeline and the whole purpose of it is to increase

Canada is well-known for having one of the world’s largest oil reserves. But did you know that Canada also has the third largest total length of pipelines (CIA, n.d.)? Why would anyone want to add on to that already vast network? However, that is what TransCanada and many other pipeline corporations propose we do. In this essay, I am going to analyze the recent conversation surrounding the proposed creation of TransCanada’s Energy East pipeline.

This phase of the project was completed in June of 2010 ("Keystone Pipeline Starts Deliveries to U.S. Midwest"). Phase two is the Keystone-Cushing Extension that runs from Steele City to storage and distribution facilities in Oklahoma. This phase of the project was completed in February 2011 ("Keystone 's Cushing Extension Begins Deliveries to Oklahoma"). Phase three is the Gulf Coast Extension, which runs from Cushing to refineries in Texas. A terminal for phase three began in August 2012 and will be completed in 2015 ("Keystone 's Cushing Extension Begins Deliveries to Oklahoma"). The fourth phase of the project is the proposed Keystone XL Pipeline. This phase would essentially duplicate the first phase of the project. In doing so it will create a pipe with a more direct route and a larger diameter from Alberta to Nebraska ("About The Project").

and crude stabilization facilities and has the capacity of 7m barrels per day and is the