The Knee Joint And Its Components Essay

Total Knee Replacements are the most successful procedures in all of medicine, accounting for 600,000 knee replacements each year in the US. The knee is the largest joint in the body, which is why it’s very important to have healthy knees in order to get around to perform daily activities. The knee consist of the lower femur, the upper end of the tibia, and the patella. The ends of the three bones touch, which is covered with articular cartilage, this is a smooth substances that protects the bones and enables them to move smoothly. Also, located between the femur and tibia are the menisci. The menisci are C-shaped wedges that act as “shock absorbers” this provides cushion for the joint as well. Then, the large ligaments also play a role as well, they hold the femur and tibia together to provide stability. The long

The last in the group is the vastus intermedius. It is deep to the rectus femoris. It can be accessed if the rectus femoris is shifted to the side. The action is to extend the knee. The origin is the anterior and lateral shaft of the femur. The insertion is tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)(Andrew Biel, 2014).

Proximally, (VM) attaches to the proximal femur. Starting at the intertrochanteric line and moving posteroinferiorly to the medial supracondylar line (having passed over the pectineal line and the medial lip of the linear aspera (Drake et al 2013)). Distally the VM attaches to the medial boarder of the patella bone over the knee joint.

The knee joint is one of many synovial joints within the human body. It is the largest joint in the body and is known as a ginglymus, or hinge, joint involving the articulation of the femur and the tibia. A hinge joint is a joint between two or more articulating bones, moving in only one plane. The movements that occur at the knee are flexion and extension. The knee joint is a modified hinge joint, therefore as well as allowing the movements of flexion and extension; the movements of internal rotation and external rotation are possible. The knee joint has six degrees of freedom, moving in all three planes: the frontal plane, the sagittal plane and the transverse plane. Internal rotation and external rotation of the knee move about the

Meniscus, is a type of cartilage which rests between the thigh bone-femur and shin bone-tibia. The bones rest of these meniscus, which is made of tough cartilage. The inner end of the meniscus is called medial meniscus, and the outer side of the knee is called lateral meniscus. A knee joint is very important, not only for general activity, but it also bears the weight of our body, and helps with our healthy life. It is made up of knee cap - patella, femur - thigh bone, shin bone - tibia. The surfaces of these bones are covered with thich

The Articular capsule and the Acetabular labrum are the two capsules. The Articular capsule is very dense and strong and extends from the rim of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur. It is one of the strongest structures in the body (pg 272). The Acetabular labrum is a fibrocartilage that enhances the depth of the acetabulum and is the main reason dislocation of the hip is very rare (274). There are 5 ligaments in the hip joint: Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, Ischiofemoral, Ligament of the head of the femur, and the Transverse ligament of the acetabulum. In addition to the capsules and ligaments, muscles also provide support and stability to the

The knee is a joint that is located about halfway between the hips and the feet. It is the place where three long leg bones, the femur or thigh bone, the tibia and the fibula or shin bones, meet at the patella, or knee cap. There are also ligaments, tendons and cartilage that connect the bones to one another and allow for movement of the leg. The tibia is the larger shin bone and it is located in the front. The fibula is in the back of the shin. At the website, Brain Lab (2017) it say, “Two ligaments are located on the outside of the knee joint. These ligaments connect the femur to the tibia and the fibula. They help manage side-to-side movements in the knee” (Brain Lab, 2017).

The knee is actually three separate joints. Two are between the femur and the tibia and one is between the patella and the patellar femur. There are two ligaments that help to stabilize the knee. These are the anterior cruciate ligament (acl) and the medial collateral ligament (mcl). Each ligament has a special function to help maintain knee stability in many different positions. At full extension, a slight lateral rotation of the

The ACL itself originates at the posteromedial corner of the medial aspect of the femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch, and it inserts at the anterior interconyloid of the tibia, in connection to the anterior horn of the medial meniscus (see figure 1) (Purnell, Larson, & Clancy, 2008). The ACL has two main roles: mechanical and sensory (Vathrakokilis, Malliou, Gioftsidou, Beneka, & Godolias, 2008). Mechanically, the ACL limits passive mobility by preventing anterior dislocation of the tibia in reference to the femur, prevent internal tibial rotation, and provide valgus stability. Sensorial, the mechanoreceptors within the connective tissue of the ACL communicate with the neuromuscular system to provide proprioceptive feedback (Purnell et al., 2008; Stojanovic & Ostojic,

Knee joint is a stability dominant joint due to its ligament and tendon structure operating as a hinge with limited

the joint to work. For example the Knee joint is a synovial joint. Where the femour and tibia meet the

The knee is made up of two joints, the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral. The tibiofemoral joint is composed of the thigh and shin bones. The patellofemoral joint forms the kneecap. This type of joint is called a hinge joint. This type of joint can bend, straighten and twist.

The knee joint consists of three articulations: in the front is paltellofemoral articulation and other two articulations are between condyles of femur and tibia 1,3. When the knee is in full extension, rotation is impossible because the ligaments are tight. They will relax when the knee is flexed over 20 degrees and it will allow rotation 1,3.

rotation of the knee and the inferior pole of the patella, especially with increased knee flexion.

Nowadays, the knee problems are becoming more common, affecting people of all ages. In order to solve these physical ailments exist several surgeries; one of them is the patellectomy.