The Layers of Research Design
Introduction:
The purpose of doing research is mostly to answer a question or to solve a problem. The research work is started by identifying what type of data is needed and sources of obtaining this data. There are a number of data collection techniques such as questionnaires, interviews and personal observation. Besides all these sources secondary data can also be used. The final decision about overall research design is represented by selection of technique(s) used to obtain data and procedure(s) used to analyze this data. It is the core of whole research design. In the article, we use the “Research Onion” as symbolic word to describe relation between the core of research onion and outer layers on
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Data collection and analysis are likely to involve qualitative data from the deep investigations with small samples.
In another philosophy, called pragmatism, the importance of research is in finding practical consequences. In this philosophy researcher consider that a single view point cannot provide complete picture and there may be multiple view points that can do so. It does not mean that pragmatic researcher would apply a variety of data collection techniques and procedures. Instead research design should enable reliable data that support further action.
Methodological choice:
This layer highlights the decision about whether to choose a quantitative method(s) or qualitative method(s) or a mixture of both. Researcher can select single data collection technique and analysis procedure either a mono method quantitative design (e.g. Data collection using questionnaire and analysis statistically) or a mono method qualitative design (e.g. Data collection through deep interviews and analysis as narratives). Alternatively they can use multiple methods. In multi method quantitative design, researcher use multiple data collection techniques (e.g. Questionnaire and structured observations and statistically analyzed). For multi method qualitative design, he uses multiple qualitative data collection techniques (e.g. In depth interviews and diary acounts with associated analysis procedures). A mixed method design includes
In Jonathan Swift's satirical essay “A Modest Proposal” he addresses the issues of the nation of Ireland and the problems that it is having with its government because it is doing nothing to help their people come up from issues such as poverty, overpopulation and other crudely addressed political issues. In an attempt to solve these national problems, Swift comes up with a very unique and intense proposition on how the problem can be fixed and dealt with. By providing the reader with a combination of all the three rhetorical appeals ethos,logos, and pathos, Swift can easily, slowly, and effectively bring his proposition into view without the reader completely discarding it from consideration as Swift's words take into deliberation the feelings
Frankenstein's Monster was the only thing like itself. Right? Think again Dolly the Sheep is here. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned mammal. Dolly the Sheep was similar to the story of Frankenstein because dolly was revived through science, and she was an experiment, a test to test boundaries.
Distraction is a useful and powerful tool that has been used throughout all of history. People have used distraction to cover up scandals, when battles/wars and to hide the truth. For example in today's world one could argue how North Korea distracts the rest of the world by making war threats so people can't focus on their actual problems going on in there country. But imagine if a form of society distracted you from living a healthy natural and real life. In “The Brave new world”
This chapter describes the methodology and research design of the study. The methodology describes the broad scheme or plan of the research and elaborates the tools of analysis. A methodology or a research design refers to approaches and research strategies, e.g. surveys; questionnaires etc. In a broader context methodology refers to a design whereby, the researcher selects data and analysis procedures to investigate a specific research problem (Cohen, Manion and Morrison; 2008). Research designs have been classified differently by different scholars. Some scholars (Bodgan& Biklen, 1982) discuss research methods under two broad headings: qualitative and quantitative. Gay (1987) indicates that while naturalistic researcher prefer qualitative methods, such as participant observation and in depth interviewing, rationalistic researchers tend to use quantitative methodologies such as random selection of subjects and administration of standardized instruments. While qualitative studies focus on subjective information, such as feelings, experiences or opinions: data that cannot be scientifically quantified. Quantitative research is the opposite, shunning subjectivity in favor of objectivity. Quantitative research focuses on statistics and quantifiable information.
This study will use quantitative methods of research. The major advantage of using quantitative research design is that it is an exceptional method for making conclusions and agreeing or disagreeing to any
Next you will need to decide on how you will obtain and analyze your research data. This process will be determined by the type of research problem that was define in the beginning of the research development and revolve around your hypothesis or desired results (M., 2004). You will have annotate and share the results of your data collection. This after action report of the obtained data will allow the researcher to determine whether or not the desired results were obtained or will there need to be some follow on research in order to generate expanded results.
Mixed research methodology has been defined as the class of research approach whereby researcher combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods, techniques, concepts and approaches into a single set of study (Jhoson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). Historically, the researchers have been using either quantitative or qualitative research approach in order to carry out their research. And, the main reason was due to the presence and wide differences between the supporters and followers of the both philosophies.
A mixed methods research design is a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative research and methods in a single study to understand a research problem.
Quantitative research is considered to be the use of numbers. In the use of a quantitative study, the researcher test objective theories by examining the conjunction among variables. The variables used can be measured on instruments, so that numbered data can be used and analyzed (Creswell, 2008). Qualitative research is mainly used to explore and understand human or social problems. The process of qualitative studies includes questions and procedures; and the data is collected byway of participant’s settings. It allows the researcher to study an issue in great detail and depth, as well as not allowing data collection to be constrained by predetermined data. Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative methods and it involves philosophical assumptions. This form of study includes collecting and analyzing data from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. It is believed that mixed methods research is a great method for practicing researchers who would like to bridge the schism between quantitative and qualitative research (Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2004a). Even though these methods are different, they all involve philosophical assumptions and distinct methods or procedures (Cresswell, 2009).
I agree with you one-hundred percent without taking the problem assessments social workers can fail at connecting all of the dots and could miss a serious issues going on in the individual (micro), families (mezzo), or community (macro). The social worker could also miss something through pre-judgment, whereas the problem assessment takes out all emotional or beliefes and just focuses on certain problems. According to Beck et al. (1979), “external,” “situational,” or “practical” problems or “precipitants” related to depression usually involve perceived losses at home, work, or school such as divorce or a business failure. The resolution of even simple and circumscribed problems—through consultation with either the therapist or an appropriate “medical, legal, financial, or vocational” expert—can in itself alleviate depressive symptoms (Beck
According to Yilmaz (2013) there exist two significant approaches to research with respect to studying the social and individual world. According to Creswell (2014) three types of design quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods should remain in consideration when choosing a research designs at the start of the process. The two methods exist a quantitative and
Research design is the approach that the researcher utilizes apparatuses of a study to collect, analyze, and interpret data. There are three types of research designs: (a) qualitative – captures the description of the event that is taking place by the means of interviews and observation; (b) quantitative – employs statistical measures to interpret data taken from surveys; and (c) and mixed method – uses both qualitative and quantitative designs for an more in-depth study (Creswell, 2014; Stangor, 2014). This paper will focus on the comparison and contrast qualitative and quantitative design in relation to the selected journals.
When both research designs are used together, more information can be gathered. Mixed methodology uses the numerical portion of the quantitative study design in combination with the descriptive aspect of the qualitative study. There are many similarities between these two designs, which make them compatible with each other.
The methodical approach implied provides assistance in examining, whether the information researched was initiated and properly researched. When the researched information has been proven the outcome becomes more prominent and reliable in other research subjects. This is important because it shows the value of the research as well as its reliability and predictability. When a researcher applies the proper methodology and research design the comparison among fact and theory can be verified and it will also provide the researcher ethic procedures needed for the research to be achieved (Vankatesh, Brown, Bala, 2013).
Ontology: How the researcher views the world and the assumptions that are made about the nature of the world and of reality.