The Leading Cause Of Colorectal Cancer

Colon cancer is a condition in which polyps form in the lining of the colon (large intestine).

Colon and rectum are both located in the digestive system. There are two parts of the digestive system. Upper part of the digestive system included stomach and small intestine, in which their job is to digest food for energy. Lower part of the digestive system are called gastrointestinal system, where colon and rectum are located. Its function is to absorb fluid to form solid waste then passes from the body as a stool. Small intestine made up of the most part of the digestive system, it is about 20 feet long. It break down the foods and absorb most of the nutrients. Then it pass to the large intestine which is mainly made up of a muscular tube, colon, and it is about 5 feet long. The colon can be divided into 4 section. Ascending colon, it is the beginning of the colon that included the cecum, where the appendix attaches to the colon. Transverse colon, the second section of the colon. It located in the upper abdomen and from the right to the left. The next section is called descending colon, the lower abdomen and from the left to right. The last section,

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer is mostly found in adults age 50 and older. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. In the early stages of colon cancer not many symptoms are evident, when the symptoms do appear they vary depending on the location of where the growth is, and the size. Usually this type of cancer arrives in polyps, which are small non-cancerous growths that can become cancer over time.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a genetic disorder which increases the risk for other types of cancers and can have

Maori aged 60-69 years were 1.5 times more likely to have an adenoma detected than Europeans of the same age (Ministry of Health, 2015). Maori were almost 1.5 times more likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were over 1.5 times less likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). There was a recommendation that Asians were less likely and Maori were more likely than Europeans to have neoplasia detected, but this was not statistically significant (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were less likely than Europeans to have either advanced adenoma or colorectal cancer detected (Ministry of Health, 2015). The Positive Predictive Values for adenoma and advanced adenoma was lower for females than males (Ministry of Health, 2015). The PPV for adenoma was about 1.5 times less for Asians

Squamous cell carcinomas cancer is the most common colon cancer in the United States. It is located within the anal canal and around its walls. This sparks my interest because it is quite odd to me that cancer could occur in the anal canal or outside of it. It really shows how cancer can literally occur anywhere in the body. Even Though it is located in the anal canal, the cause of colorectal cancer is usually due to many other reasons that has nothing to do with the colon itself. These causes are the amount of exercise a person have, any smoking or drinking, even if the person is overweight, or attaining HPV. There are also many causes that can not be changed by your lifestyle, for example if you have the genes to have colorectal cancer or

Imagine a cancer that creates cancer. Lynch syndrome, which is also known as hereditary nonpolyposis collectral cancer (HNCC) is an inherited disease that is a passed down trait that increases your chance of colon cancer and other cancers as well. The cause is the trait being passed through families. There are no symptoms since it is simply passed down. They just have increased probability of developing bowel, colon and other cancers.

Lynch syndrome is a cancer that can lead to colon cancer and other deadly cancers. The major causes of lynch syndrome is MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, APC, BMPR1A, MUTYM, PTEN, SMAD4, STK11, TP55, EPCAM. People have a high risk of large bowel cancer as well as cancer of the endometrium, stomach, small bowel, upper urinary tract, ovaries, and the brain.

This condition is known as the familial adenomatous polyposis which one of the main precursors to the development of colorectal cancer (P, 2013). This condition is inherited and is as a result of a genetic mutation in the gene that codes for the APC protein (a tumour suppressor gene). It starts out as a benign tumour but has the tendency to progress onto a malignant form as in the case of our patient. (Flemming et al., 2012).

Now, let us discuss the diagnosis more in depth. A polyp of the colon is a growth of the inner lining of the colon, this growth protrudes into the colon tube. Polyps aren’t cancerous, however, some types of cancers can start in polyps. Polyps are quite common, approximately 30% of people over the age of 60 have one, or more. Genetic factors and environment play a major part in the development of a polyp, such as tobacco use, obesity and eating a high-fat diet.

The bowel is a hollow tube within the digestive system composed of the small bowel (small intestine) and large bowel (colon and rectum). Bowel cancer generally affects the large bowel, which absorbs water from digested food and then produces waste (Cancer research UK, 2014). Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, develops from uncontrollable cell division of polyps, pre-cancerous growth cells, which cause potential harm within the bowel (Bowel cancer UK, 2016). Bowel cancer is treatable and curable if diagnosed early; nevertheless, by simply adopting healthier changes to your lifestyle, two-thirds of cases could be prevented (Cancer research UK, 2010).

The immune system has a way of detecting and destroying cells that are abnormal, which can cause cancer in the human body. In most rare cases some cancers are able to avoid the detection in the immune system. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is also known as colon cancer, it is part of the digestive system that is called the gastrointestinal system. It occurs in the large intestines that are located in the lower part of digestive system. Colon cancer usually starts small adenomatous polyps, which are noncancerous clumps of cell (Mayo clinic 2013). As time progress these small adenomatous polyps will eventually become colon cancer. The granulocytes colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) it occurs mostly in human and mouse CRC. In humans

Colorectal cancer mainly starts at colon or the rectum. They are common in most of the way like features, but they have different treatment. What is the different between colon cancer and rectal cancer? Colon cancer happens first four to five feet of the large intestine and rectal cancer happens in the last few inches of the large intestine where it is connected to anus. (cancercenter.com)

Colorectal cancer is caused by mutations in various genes, such as the EGFR gene that results in overexpression of EGFR in the surface of intestinal cells. Overexpression of EGFR is associated with unregulated signalling pathway that leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation (Roberts et al., 2002).

Colorectal Cancer (CRC), also known as colon cancer or bowel cancer, is cancer originating from colon or rectal lining, where healthy cells transform into cancerous cells, leading to formation of large, rapidly growing tumours which remain benign or become malignant as the disease progresses. The Australian government’s (Cancer Australia) 2017 estimate suggests 16,682 (12.4%) new cases out of which 4,114 (8.6%) cases were reported as leading to death.1 Similarly, the American cancer society estimated 95,520 new cases of colon cancer and 39,910 cases of rectal cancer diagnosed in the United States of America (USA) in 2017.2 CRC is staged according to the extent of primary organ tumour development and metastatic spread to lymph nodes or distant organs due to their malignancy. Although surgical resection can be highly effective for localized disease, 25%-40% of patients