The Lehman Brother's Bankruptcy

A decade ago the Lehman Brothers were the fourth largest investment bank in America. Dealing with Investment banking and investment management, the Lehman Brothers was one of the largest global financial service providers. Consequently, the subprime mortgage crisis left the company filing for the declaration of the chapter 11 bankruptcy protections, due to the unnecessary undertaken risk and obnoxious negligence accusations directed towards the group. Companies should utilize observational and analytical pundit functions in identifying the presence of crisis situations to avoid an economic downturn in the business (Pontell, 2014). The fraud would have prevented through stronger and better internal controls, which

In the last three months of 2008, under the general decline in the global stock market, numerous Asian stock markets were in free fall. The key stock index such as Nikkei 225 in Japan, Hangseng in Hongkong and Sensex in India suffered significant drops. (Rose & Spiegel, 2009)

3. Freddie Mac was one of the government-sponsored enterprises, it delay to report its earnings report because of an accounting scandal that conduct it to restate earnings in November covering the years 2000 through 2002 which had understated them by $5billion. The company delayed making financial reports after 2002 and promised to release the 2003 earnings report by 30 June so it had time to rebuild its accounting systems. It promised to release 2003 earnings by June 30. Freddie Mac reported the earnings report had earned $4.89 billion last year down from $10.09 billion in 2002 and expected 2003 profit of $5.90 a share. Reflecting the consequences of the $5 billion restatement due to the management had ignored accounting rules to hide earnings

In 1844, Henry Lehman moved from Rimpar, Germany, to Montgomery, Alabama where he set up a little shop offering basic needs, dry merchandise, and utensils to the nearby cotton ranchers. By 1850, his two siblings, Emanuel and Mayer, had gone along with him in the business, and they named it Lehman Siblings. After Henry Lehman 's demise in 1855 at 33 years old, the two more youthful siblings headed the firm for the following four decades. Amid their residency, just relatives—children, siblings, and cousins—were allowed as accomplices. This was an approach that proceeded until the 1920s.

The collapse of Lehman Brothers, a sprawling global bank, in September 2008 almost brought down the world’s financial system. Considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great depression of the 1930s. Economist Peter Morici coined the term the “The Great Recession” to describe the period. While the causes are still being debated, many ramifications are clear and include the failure of major corporations, large declines in asset values (some estimates put the drop in the trillions of dollars range), substantial government intervention across the globe, and a significant decline in economic activity. Both regulatory and market based solutions have been proposed or executed to attempt to combat the causes and effects of the crisis.

Countrywide Financial, co-founded in 1969 by Angelo Mozilo and David Loeb became the largest provider of home loans in the U.S., where one out of every six loans originated with Countrywide (Olster, 2010). Countrywide found its niche providing loans to minorities, those with less than stellar credit, and by issuing loans to low income families. Numerous families, unable to achieve the American dream, had the capability of becoming home owners, because Countrywide diminished the barriers preventing this group from obtaining home ownership (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013).

Since the financial crisis of 2008 the SEC’s mission has been to protect investors and win back the trust of the public in capital markets. In efforts to combat fraud and preventing another financial crisis, the SEC has grown their staff and is working on revamping their technological capabilities. For the last 3 years we have seen aggressive enforcement, strategic reforms and new regulations with in the division.

On Monday, March 10, the rumour started: Bear Stearns was having liquidity problems. In fact, the maverick investment bank had around $18 billion in cash reserves. But soon the speculation created its own reality, and the race was on to keep Bear’s crisis from destroying Wall Street. In what the economists called a “credit crisis,” the big banks were so spooked they had all but stopped lending money, a nervous Fed, in what some believe was the greatest financial scandal in

On its way to becoming the nation’s largest mortgage lender, Countrywide Financial became one of the nation’s largest business failures in history. Started in 1969 by Angelo Mozilo, and partner David Loeb, Countrywide had become the largest provider of home loans in the United States, with one in every six U.S. loans being created by Countrywide. However, according to Bethel, Countrywide’s entire operation, from its computer systems, incentive pay structure, financing arrangements, was meant to obtain maximum profits out of the mortgage lending programs no matter what the cost. Countrywide’s initial stakeholders consisted of employees, investors, regulators, clients, communities, and as well as shareholders. Furthermore, because of its

t is important to have a corporate bankrupt attorney in well established organizations or businesses entities. It is a good thing for those who own businesses and other prominent organizations to know the advocate companies which could represent them in times when they have financial crisis. This will allow the organization to know the finest law firm that will assist them with professional and proficient work. The laws concerning bankruptcies are broad and extensive in many countries in the world. Due to this reason, it is an ideal thing to embrace the tradition of incorporating legal experts in your business dealings for you to be able to comprehend these laws without any difficulties. There are laws that a company will hardly understand when they are filing. These are laws concerning tax and the corporate laws. This will need the guidance of an attorney.

In 2008 the world faced the worst financial crisis since the great depression. Many banks closed their doors for good that year. Among them were both small and large banks. One specific bank that collapsed that year was IndyMac, one of the largest banks in the United States. IndyMac marked the largest collapse of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured institution since 1984, when Continental Illinois, which had $40 billion in assets, failed, according to FDIC records (“The Fall of IndyMac 2008). This paper will talk about the cause of the collapse of IndyMac in 2008, the handling of the issues, as well as the aftermath of the collapse.

On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy. With $639 billion in assets and $619 billion in debt, Lehman 's bankruptcy filing was the largest in history, as its assets far surpassed those of previous bankrupt giants such as WorldCom and Enron. Lehman was the fourth-largest U.S. investment bank at the time of its collapse, with 25,000 employees worldwide. The consequences for the world economy were extreme. Lehman’s ' fall contributed to a loss of confidence in other banks, a worldwide financial crisis and a deep recession in many countries. Lehman 's collapse roiled global financial markets for weeks, given the size of the company and its status as a major player in the U.S. and internationally. Many questioned the U.S. government 's decision to let Lehman fail, as compared to its tacit support for Bear Stearns, which was acquired by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) in March 2008. Lehman 's bankruptcy led to more than $46 billion of its market value being wiped out. Its collapse also served as the catalyst for the purchase of Merrill Lynch by Bank of America in an emergency deal that was also announced on September 15.

On September 10, 2008, Lehman Brothers announced the lowest decline as the shares dropped to 45%. It left the market value at $5.4 billion after the Korea Development Bank rejected to make an investment deal that could rescue Lehman. The company would seek capital from other investors in order to recover their financial situation. These efforts faltered and the situation grew more severe, even after the US government had already saved the Bear Stearns and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Though it is less likely that the US government will keep Lehman's bailout, there should be a resolution from the Federal Reserve System to bolster Lehman’s finance so as to prevent the US economic declination.

As indicated by the case study S&P 500 index was use as a measure of the total return for the stock market. Our standard deviation of the total return was used as a one measure of the risk of an individual stock. Also betas for individual stocks are determined by simple linear regression. The variables were: total return for the stock as the dependent variable and independent variable is the total return for the stock. Since the descriptive statistics were a lot, only the necessary data was selected (below table.)

In 1994, Richard S. Fuld took control of Lehman Brothers as its Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Under Fuld’s aggressive leadership, the company flourished and became one of the largest investment banks in the United States. （Crossley-Holland 2009) reported that in 1994, each Lehman Brothers stock was averaging at $4 and by 2007 it catapulted to $82 creating a 20 fold increase. From 1994, Lehman Brothers gradually adopted an aggressive growth business strategy by expanding into highly complex and risky products such as Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS). By 2007, Lehman Brothers was the biggest underwriter of mortgage-backed securities of the U.S. real estate market.