The Life of Stars Essay

After a time, the hydrogen runs out almost completely, and it collapses. New reactions begin to take place in the core and these reactions cause the star to expand rapidly. As the stars begin to deplete their new fuel, they switch to others. New elements are formed in the cores of stars but they become too heavy. The star has reached its end growth. When it reaches the end, a tremendous amount of energy is released and it begins to shed its outer layers, the gravity is too weak hold onto them anymore. Once the layers are removed, in the stars place is a fiery core called a planetary nebula. Eventually, the core runs out of fuel and it collapses. This star is now in a very dense state, and is called a white dwarf. Eventually, the white dwarf cools until it no longer shines. This dead star is called a brown dwarf.More massive stars, however, have more violent ways of dying. Some stars turn it into a supergiant. Supergiant stars are extremely bright, and are extremely large. Supergiant stars cores, can collapse violently and suddenly. This collapse causes a tremendous explosion, called a

Stars like our Sun, which are no more than 1.44 solar masses, will undergo fusion of hydrogen into helium. Over its life time the star slowly uses its supply of hydrogen by fusing it into helium. These reactions require high temperatures. Eventually the star will completely fuse hydrogen into helium in its core leaving inadequate amounts of thermal pressure to balance gravity. This will cause the centre of the star to contract to compensate for the heat energy lost.

Comparing red giants to the sun, they are about 1000 times larger. Compared to the sun’s temperature, a red giants temperature is about half as much. This is because the same amount of energy has to be spread out across a much more massive star causing it to be cooler than it was before. The name red giant was given to these stars because the change in temperature causes the star to shine in the redder part of the spectrum. Stars can spend anywhere between 1000 years and one billion years in the red giant phase. After a certain amount of time, the helium finally runs out and fusion stops. Since there is no more helium, gravity pushes the star inward. The stars outer atmosphere is then blown out into huge clouds of gas and dust which is known as planetary nebulae. These clouds of gas and dust are then made to make new stars. As for the core of the star, it is still there. The star is now a white dwarf. White dwarf stars occur when the red giant loses its outer atmosphere. White dwarf stars are extremely hot because they are composed of only the core of the star which is the hottest

At some point in the future when the hydrogen runs out, at that point the star will start to collapse itself under its own weight. It get denser, hotter until the point where it starts to use the helium atoms themselves as the fuel for the fusion. As the star begins to fuse helium, it creates more energy and that causes the outer layers of the star to start to expand. One day our sun will grow so large that it will swallow up the inner planets of our solar system. It will become a red giant, for the sun this will be the beginning of the end. Then they explode and become a supernova or for some biggggggggggeeeeerrr stars it would be a hypernova, which is waaaayyy stronger than a supernova; supernovas are some of the most beautiful sights in the universe. Lucky for us, our sun is too small to even explode and become a supernova. These explosion of stars are so powerful that it can outshine the whole galaxy during its explosion. For the

When observing a star, the lager it is the shorter its life is going to be. The smaller it is the longer the life. Shorter life is not saying much though, as the most massive stars live for billions of years. When a star reaches about middle age, it starts fusing hydrogen into helium. Once it has run out of usable hydrogen that it can convert into helium, it can then take on one of several paths. It can lead to white dwarfs, novae, supernovae, neutron stars or even black holes.

After the core of a star has depleted all its hydrogen in fusion, it undergoes its final stages of its life, or in other words, its death. The process path of a dying star depends on its mass. Low mass stars, from about 0.4 up to 8 solar masses will evolve from a planetary nebula to a white dwarf. Stars with larger the 8 solar masses will form supernovae, than either a neutron star for intermediate stars (8-25 solar masses) or a black hole for high mass stars (greater than 25 solar masses).

White dwarf is very small with diameter as the Earth and mass similar to the Sun formed when the core of red giant collapsed. The maximum mass a white dwarf can have is about 1.4 solar masses which is known as Chandrasekhar limit. A single star can be one mass at the start of life and still evolve into a white dwarf being 0.6 mass compressed into approximately the volume of the Earth. Even though it is hot, it is not as bright compared to its temperature of more than 8000° C. However, they cool down and fade over billions of years.

As the star begins to run out of hydrogen fuel the core inside the star begins to collapse while rising in temperature, which causes the core to heat up rapidly pushing the outer layers of the star outward causing them to expand and cool the star is now a red giant. Average stars like our sun will have a relatively peaceful ending toward the end of their red giant phase. The star begins to pulsate releasing its outer layers resulting in solar winds, as these layers begin to drift away only the core remains, this is considered a white dwarf. Eventually the white dwarf will consume all its energy after this happens it will become a cold black dwarf. Massive stars come to an end much differently, after the high mass star runs out of fuel the outer layers of the star begin to collapse upon the core, and then are released in a massive explosion into the cosmos this is called a supernova. After, either a neutron star or a black hole remains these are vastly different a neutron star is an incredibly dense object made up of sub-atomic particles called

it runs out of energy. Once the star dies, it may become a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black

High-mass stars don’t last as long in the main sequence stage because they use their energy fastly. After millions of years, a high-mass star expands into a supergiant star. In the core of this star, fusion produces heavier and heavier elements. Then when a iron ore forms, fusion stops and the core collapses. Then parts of the core bounces outward, and the star explodes into a supernova. This explosion can form a extremely dense body called a neutron star. Sometimes a supernova leaves behind a core where it collapses forming into a invisible object called a black

Stars have the ability to cause multiple events. The stars are the fundamental building blocks of our universe, and responsible for many things. The formation of a star begins within clouds of dust. Turbulence deep within the clouds gives a rise in speed with enough mass that the cloud can collapse under its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses the core begins to heat up. This is called a protostar, and what will one day become a star. The end of a star occurs when a star has fused all of its hydrogen and the star collapses and the

when a star explodes as a supernova most of its matter is blow away into space .Is a star with a initial mass of 0.5 to 8 times that of earth’s sun .it spends most of its time on the main sequence as an orange ,yellow or blue dwarf star.all stars are little clouds of gas .it begins to collapse under its own gravity .This star is made by when the sun shucks off its outer layers it will create a beautiful shell of diffuse gas known as planetary nebula .The first planetary nebula with was discovered with a bright in 1790 .These stars are made up of dust or gas.New technology has captured a number of phenomenal images of planetary nebula in extreme depth .where scientist thought that the gaseous layers came off evenly , images from the hubble space telescope have revealed a wide array that it could be the fate of our closest star . These stars are born just like average

Stars are born in a very complicated way. First the gravitational collapse of a cool, dense molecular cloud sends fragments into space. The fragments then contract and form stellar cores. The stellar cores then rotate and condense as they increase in temperature, to the point that a nuclear reaction occurs. The new born star burns hydrogen into helium for 90 percent of its life and is a sequence star. A star’s mass changes as it burns more hydrogen.Once there is no more hydrogen for the star to burn off of, energy generation will stop and the core will start contracting. As the internal temperature increases a shell of hydrogen gets ignited. The star begins to expand enormously and increases in luminosity. The star expands so large that if our star started to expand like this it would swallow Mercury and

Once the helium in the core is exhausted, the star emits its outer layers into space, contracts down, and emerges as a White Dwarf. Ultimately, the White Dwarf will lose all of its energy, collapse due to gravity, and enter a Black Dwarf stage. No Black Dwarfs have been observed in our universe because the time it takes for a White Dwarf to cool completely is likely to be trillions of years. A Black Dwarf is simply an explanation for what would result following the death of a White Dwarf.

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.