In this essay I will analyze how and why the Internet distinctively differs from other ordinary kinds of networks; specifically, I will compare it to the London Underground system (reference to the network analysis of the 2005 London underground attack, Ferenc 2008. Therefore, in this essay I will analyze and discuss the extent to which the Internet is widely different to other networks; I will support my point using some leading scholar’s theories and experimental results.
Before analyzing and comparing the Internet with London Underground system, it is important to define some key terminology that will be used and contextualized for the purpose of this essay. Some key terms are network; the Internet, “networked society”
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Furthermore, the history of the Internet is part of the reason why the Internet is so distinctive from the other kinds of networks; specifically, the history of the development of the internet as a mean of communication gives a proper insight on the distinctiveness of it. First of all, communication and computers came up together around 1963, when the key improvement was to make these new technologies connect with each other. The first critical step in the history of the internet as a network was made by Leinrock (1961) when he put forward the first packet switching theory. He was convinced that packets, “the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network” (TechTarget,2007), were more practical than circuits for the functionality of communication between networks. Moreover, Roberts(1965) created the “first (however small) wide-area computer network ever built” TechTarget (2007), which demonstrated that computers could work together. Thank to these discoveries in 1968 Roberts, came up with the first form of the internet: the ARPANET. The internet started to advance faster and faster with fundamental improvements such as the TCP (transmission control protocol), a system that allowed data to be transferred, and the creation of the PhoneNet, the first dedicated email server online. These improvements brought to the creation of the Web 2.0
The fourth considers the shift made, From ARPANET to Internet approaching defense and research. The fifth section covers The Internet in the Arena of International Standards. The final section, Popularizing the Internet, shows the beginning of the wide spread of the Internet but before Internet connectivity becomes popular at the personal level. All things considered, the book states the expansions in Internet history between 1959 and 1991, with some proceedings to 1994.
But how does it work? The internet, based on the concept of “packet switching”, involves the travelling of small packets of data over one or more networks (Frenzel, 2013). This can be compared to “electronic postcards”, meaning that “a computer generates a piece of data and flings it into the net, just like the postal system, except 100 million times faster” (Cerf, 2013). This concept allows one computer to speak to many different computers around the network by sending out these “electronic postcards”. However, before these networks can work seamlessly together, they must use a common protocol, or set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets of data. There are several protocols currently in use, including the OSI Model, the TCP/IP Model, UDP, HTTP, and FDP (Mitchell, 2014), but the most commonly used is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (Gilmer, 2011). Even as early as 1977, TCP/IP was being used by other networks to link to ARPANET (Kozierok,
It is important to know the history of the internet. The internet is a worldwide network of computer systems that are connected to each other by cables (Howe, 2012). The internet first started out as a military experiment. In 1957, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created by the United States department of Defense (Computer History Museum, 2004). The project was started after the Russians launched a satellite into space for communication reasons. The satellite was called SPUTNIK (Computer History Museum, 2004). It was rumored that President Eisenhower got worried and decided to get the United States to launch its own satellite. They recruited Dr. Joseph C. Licklider of MIT, was made head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)(Computer History Museum, 2004). Their purpose of the project was to focus on improving the military use of computer information.
Never has a communications system played so many roles in our lives--or exerted such broad influence over our thoughts--as the Internet does today.
The Internet has proven itself to be helpful, but it can also be a scary place. When the Internet first emerged, it was difficult to gauge its full potential. The Internet was actually created as a “military communications network in the 1960s” (Campbell et al., 2016, p. 41). However, the Internet became a more integral part of society around the 21st century when it transformed into a hub of information and entertainment. The film, The Net, features the early years of the Internet and the dangers that came with it. This film took a radical stance about how the Internet can damage a person’s life. The film remains relevant today since it inspires paranoia regarding the fragile safety
The Internet- The global network formed by interconnecting most of the networks on the planet, with each home and company network connecting to an Internet service provider (ISP), which in turn connects to other ISPs.
The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised of ten thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers that form the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments to modest PCs in people's homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internet is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defense's communications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was no central computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information was dispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known as TCP/IP was
In Where Wizards Stay up Late, the Origins of the Internet, Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon explore the beginnings of the Internet. The authors show us how it was a computer-engineering firm that produced the original prototypes for "Arpanet," and how several very intelligent men made the Internet possible. The book is excellent in that it brings to the limelight many important people that played an important role in devising the Internet. In other words, therefore, this book is a history as well as a work of drama. It tells a very intriguing story of how the computer technology for the Internet was devised. In many respects, it is very much a "behind-the-scenes" kind of documentary.
The data is then sent back through the system to the original user. The information that is on the data coming back could have came from a wide array of sources such as books, financial markets, embedded chips or even made up by someone trying to fool the user. The History? The Internet is first
Perhaps one of the greatest inventions of out time is the Internet. Without a doubt, the net has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives. The formation of the Internet has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. Nevertheless, the Internet might have never materialized if it had not been for some innovated thinkers from the Advanced Research Project Agency, who created "ARPANET." In collaboration with several educational and research institutions, the agency created the packet-switching technologies that form the basis of the Internet today.
The internet, as it stands today, serves as a medium for our entertainment, communication, and commercial needs. It is something many of us have come to take for granted. The original intended purpose of the first “internet,” however, goes back to the days of the Cold War where the ever looming threat of a nuclear missile attack prompted the U.S., as well as many other countries, to build a robust, fault-tolerant, and widely distributed computer network. By 1970, ARPANET had
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
This essay focuses on the impact that the interent has had on modern society. I will give a brief history of the internet, talking about its origins and the key developments that have occured up until now. Then look at how the internet has changed society so far, including how it has changed social interactions, e-commerce and jobs. Also discussing the advantages and disadvatages of the interent and if we are better of with the internet, how i think the internet will develop and finally drawing my own personal conclusion.
This book is different than other books of the similar topics. Normally, when the topic of a book is about “technology” or “internet”, it is difficult for the book to be written in a fun way because let’s face it; this topic itself is a little tedious. However, this book showed us a brand new way of talking about Internet and the influence it has brought to our life. The way the author quoted the researchers’ sentences and theories helped us to feel more willing to continue reading this book.
Before we get into why the internet was created and how it works, we need talk about the word “internet”. Often when we talk about the “internet” we usually get the World Wide Web and internet mixed up but mix up is understandable because today 's “internet” has both of these technology intertwined that it has