The Lower House Analysis

The Senate also has a few exclusive powers that are strong in the right circumstances. The senate confirms appointments by a simple majority to most appointments made by the president. These include all the president's appointments to the federal judiciary and most of the appointments to the executive branch. This results in the president needing the senate's consent a lot of the time. The second significant exclusive power is the power to ratify all treaties negotiated by the president,

Another very notable role of the President also outlined in Article II. Section 2. of the Constitution and reads, “He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court(http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html). It essentially gives the President power to make treaties with foreign nations however, two-thirds of Congress must be in agreement with the decision. Although the President, or the Executive Branch can be interpreted as the most authoritative arm of government, its powers are still limited and restricted by the process of checks and balances. Each branch of government has some governance over the other two divisions. For instance, just as it is outlined above, the President can nominate Ambassadors and Judges of the Supreme Court but the decision must be upheld by Congress. In other words, under the "Advice and Consent clause the appointed member must be sworn in by the Senate. Again, this is an example of how the system of checks and balances limits the powers of the President.

The Senate needs to ratify all laws by a two-third vote. The vice president who is the head of the Senate is not permitted to vote, but in case of a tie he is allowed to. The House of Representatives is made of 435 representatives, each is elected by his state and serve two years. The number of representatives depends on the state population. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate elect their own leaders; the part that controls the house, is called the majority leader while the other is called the minority leader.

Another important power the Chief in Legislature has is the ability to assemble a meeting with the House of Representatives, the Senate, or both. The framers specified this role of the president in in Article II, Section 3. Not only is the president given the authority to call a meeting with congress, he or she is expected to do so (Kesavan & Sidak, 9). In these meetings the president can discuss the state of America, the status

The Senate and House of Representatives both need to be on the same page. No bill will be passed if there is a disagreement between the two. However, they both have different abilities. For example, the House initiates revenue bills and can implement impeachment procedure which the Senate cannot do. The Senate can approve treaties and can provide insight to the President’s actions. It seems as though the Senate has more weight, being casually called the “upper” house, and the House of Representatives called the “lower” house.

Congressional authorization is the ability to empower and allocate funds, which supports Congress with an effective tool for omission and authority of intelligence activities. Congress is expected to have more power than the President and the Supreme Court. Its powers are also known to be Constitutional as well as evolutionary (ushistory). After the Senate as well as the House of Representatives approves a bill or proposed law, it then becomes an actual law. These two houses also share other powers, that involve coin money, the power to declare war, establishing rules of naturalization as well as immigration, raise an army and a navy, regulate commerce, and set up the federal courts along with their jurisdictions (ushistory). Although Presidents can have authority to act without Congressional authorization when necessary for the nations security, it would be better if they did seek Congressional authorization before acting or making any important decision regarding the nations security, in order to preserve Constitutional checks and balances, as well as make the right decisions and protect the President politically.

The president also has the power Veto laws passed by congress. The president has the power to make political appointment and negotiate treaties with foreign countries, however this power also requires the approval of the senate. The President is responsible for making a for appointing his cabinet and federal judges. The president is capable of calling congress in session and the power to adjourn congress.

In order to understand the powers of Congress, one first must look at Article I of the Constitution that enumerates several of Congress’s foreign affairs powers. This includes the many different powers like the ability to regulate commerce with foreign nations, declare war with foreign nations, raise money for and support the many branches of the military like the army navy and airforce as well as maintaining these military organizations. The Constitution also allows for Congress to check two of the President’s foreign affairs powers, make treaties and appointing diplomats. The act of both making treaties and appointing diplomats are however dependent on Senate approval. Congress’s general powers also allow the collection of taxes to draw money from the Treasury, and to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper that allow the legislative branch to control many foreign policy decisions. For example, the last session of Congress during the Obama administration was able to pass a variety of laws that affect America's foreign policy that ranged from electronic surveillance to North Korean sanctions, to border security to wildlife trafficking. Congress can likewise assume an oversight position on foreign policy issues that enables them increase their power. The yearly appointments process enables Congressional Committees to survey, in detail,

In foreign policy, there are two types of executive agreements, treaties and international agreements or executive agreements. The president is able to create a treaty with another country but needs two-thirds of the U.S. Senates’ advice and consent for the treaty to pass. “Joint possession of the power in question, by the President and Senate, would afford a greater prospect of security than the separate possession of it by either of them” (Milkis and Nelson, 2016). The Constitution believed that it would be safer for the United States if both the executive and legislative branches worked together to create treaties. An example of a treaty is the Jay Treaty. The Jay Treat was between the United States and Great Britain, but there were some issues with this treaty. Other politicians and citizens did not like what the treaty stated. They believed “the Jay Treat unconstitutionally undermined the separate of powers” (Demmer, 2015). But they could not take any action because senate already gave the two-thirds approval. For treaties, Congress has the power to accept or decline what the president writes. “The Constitution of the United States, has empowered Congress, and not the president” (Demmer, 2015). This means Congress has more power in leading foreign policy. Then there is the executive agreement which “brought into force with respect to the United States on a constitutional basis other than with the advice and consent of Senate” (“Treaty vs. Executive Agreement”).

There are two chambers in Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. They both share many powers between them as in declaring wars, raise an army and navy, borrow and coin money, regulate interstate commerce, create federal courts, establish rules for the naturalization of immigrants, and make all laws pertaining to the afore mentioned. There are also separate

These 435 seats are divided among the states every ten years. Representatives serve for two years at a time, and every second November there is a new election where they are chosen by the people in a direct election. (1) The House is required to choose a Speaker for itself who is in charge over the proceedings of the House and is the highest position in the House leadership. Other leadership positions are the Majority and Minority Leaders, and the Majority and Minority Whips. The Minority Leader would generally be the Speaker if his party were the majority.(1) The whips act as a median between the leadership and the other House members. The Senate is the Upper House and its members are called Senators. The qualifications for Senators are similar to those of house representatives, he or she must be 30 years old or older, must have been a U.S. citizen for nine years, and must live in the state they plan to represent.There is again no restriction of sex, race, class, social standing, or any other classification, for both a Senator or House representative . Each state has two Senators, no matter what the size of the state happens to be. A Senators term lasts six years and like the other house members every second November there is a new election. The Vice President of the United States is the President of the Senate but he is a non-voting member unless a vote of the Senate ends in a tie which causes him to cast the deciding vote. If the Vice President is not available

In the budget appropriation process, Congress is granted influential powers from the constitution. In Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1, the power to control or limit federal spending is placed in the hands of Congress. This power is known as the “Power of the Purse”, which may be regarded as one of the most effective weapons by which representatives can be armed with (Whener, 2006). Its importance branches from the requirements Congress is granted for legislative approval of financial measures. Among the checks and balances of the government, this ability to maneuver and influence the budget is a democratic cornerstone. The “Power of the Purse” is Congress’s main weapon against Executive oppression by allowing congressional approval of appropriations (Whener, 2016). However, even

The role of congress and the president in diplomacy, and in treaty making and wars, the role that the President and congress play is actually very significant in governing the country and this is kind of like a balance of power, in which both the president and congress both have extensive powers. The power to declare war, provide defense and support and raise armies. "The regulation of foreign commerce, to congress." These powers are given to the President and congress through the Constitution. The President has the power to make executive agreements and treaties and receive foreign ambassadors and also appoint ambassadors. Treaties must be approved by two-thirds of the senate. Congress sometimes acts in an oversight role by signing off on

The Organizational Structure of congress in the United Stated is demonstrated through the fact that we have a House and a Senate that are separated from each other. Congress is a very complex structure that possesses many committees that all handle a variety of topics. The United States Senate is composed of only 100 members that serve six year terms. Some refer to the senate as the “upper house”, and only 1/3 of the members of the United Senate are re-elected every two years. The House of Representatives is composed of 435 members that each serve two year terms. The HOR is known as the “lower house” and all 435 members are up for re-election every two years. The top two leadership roles in the Senate are The Vice President of the United States who presides over the Senate, and required to vote when there is a tie in Senate. Also in the case of a death of a president, the Vice president must step up and preside over the nation. The second most vital role in Senate is the President Pro-Tempore. The President Pro-Tempore is the highest ranked senator as elected by the Senate. The top two positions in the House are The Speaker of the House and the Majority Leader. The Speaker of the House is arguably the most influential single legislator in both houses. The Speaker presides over proceedings on the House floor, designates which bills go to which committees, designates committee assignments for new members, appoints the party 's other leaders , and

The Constitution gives Congress all of the legislative powers of the national government. The House and Senate share most of these powers. This includes the broad enumerated powers in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution—for example, coining money, regulating interstate and foreign commerce, raising and equipping a military, and declaring war. The House and the Senate share most lawmaking powers. Bills must clear both chambers in exactly the same form before they are sent to the president for approval or veto.