The Maasai Tribe Essays

Chickasaw tribe has a rich tradition steeped in the arts, housing, food , language and society

Islamic, Jewish, West African, the Aborigines of Australia and many other religions and cultures use circumcision as a rite of passage that holds significant meaning. Most preform the act in infancy or early childhood and while some hold it as optional others see it as obligatory and will even make sure to circumcise their deceased before burial. (Darby) In Kenya, boys will wear the razor blade that was used on them around their necks as a sign of “initiation into manhood” (Morris) Some religions, such as Catholicism, have maintained that the act of circumcision is brutal, barbaric and unnecessary.(Wikipedia 1)

The topic of the infant male circumcision is a controversial subject in the United States. This procedure involves a non-reversible surgical procedure that removes the prepuce, commonly called the foreskin, thus exposing the glans of the penis (Blank, et al., 2012). Currently this is considered a cosmetic procedure per surgical standards, and is performed upon the request of the parents of the newborn. The decision to have a circumcision performed is usually based upon personal, cultural, and religious factors. However, the overall view of the impact of the procedure on the newborn infant varies in our country, and has led to two conflicting camps of ideology. The pro-circumcision movement focuses on the potential health benefits gained of a circumcision, and feels it is a necessary procedure. The anti-circumcision movement claims there are no health benefits and that the procedure violates the fundamental human rights of the infant (Collier, 2012). Following extensive research, I have found that there is evidence-based proof that circumcision improves the overall health of the male newborn, with prolonged health benefits into adulthood. Circumcisions provide the health benefits of decreased rates of urinary tract infections(UTIs), reduced transmission of sexually transmitted disease, prevention of phimosis, and improved penile hygiene (Blank, et al., 2012, Marx & Lawton, 2008, Morris, Bailis, & Wiswell, 2014).

The Makah tribe is a very interesting tribe. They hunted, farmed, and enjoyed life! Even though a lot of times they didn’t want to work they did for their people in their tribe.

the history of the great people the Apache native american. The Apache Indians came from the Alaskan region, Canada, and portions of the American Southwest. Eventually the tribe migrated toward the United States further south, and divided itself into two basic regions, with the Rio Grande River serving as the dividing line. The Apaches were typically nomadic, meaning they traveled around, never quite settling in one place.

major part in a human's life, a close control over this specific aspect in a

The desert-rich country of Mauritania has a complicated history. They have been controlled by various countries throughout their history. The country was originally inhabited by Black Africans; they date back to the Stone Age. They were quickly inhabited by Sanhaja Berbers who were Caucasoid people from North Africa. This society is dated back as far as the 3rd and 4th century. Therefore, most native people from Mauritania are of Berber descent.

The world is in a constant conflict in terms of defining a man with bodily features - what truly makes a man, a man? For years upon years, society has placed an emphasis on the process of circumcision, the removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis. Typically completed just after birth in the United States, this is amongst one of the most common surgical procedures completed with an average of one million newborn children receiving this procedure annually. Surely, a procedure as common as this must have some societal significance, which this paper aims to discover. What is the true meaning we put behind male circumcision? Are the religious and ethical reasons truly significant enough to reliably promote a medical procedure this significant? Why do we still perpetuate a culture surrounding the masculinity of circumcision?

The aim of this paper is the presentation of advantages and disadvantages associated with male circumcision based on peer reviewed articles and recommendations of WHO. The ethical and religious aspects of circumcision will not be discussed in this paper.

The practice of circumcision has many benefits or advantages. One benefit is that penile cancer has a lower risk of developing in circumcised men (One in 250,000 Australian men develops this cancer1). Urinary tract infections affect up to 4% of boys in infancy, but is 10 times less frequent in circumcised boys1. Uncircumcised men may be more likely to acquire and transmit the HPV virus that is responsible for cervical cancers1, and penile inflammatory disorders also are more likely in uncircumcised men. Circumcised men are less likely to get skin disorders. Although circumcision may slightly reduce the risk of STD transmission, it does not provide protection against STD’s.

This paper will evaluate both sides of the argument, and shed light on the pros and cons of male vs. female circumcision. Religious & Cultural Standpoints According to Perera, Bridgewater, Thavaneswaran,Maddern , (2009), states how male circumcision

Nowadays, circumcision is under a huge debate to whether accept it or ban it. In

The act of male circumcision is a practice dating centuries. Accounts of circumcision can be found all over the world with many different myths and legends. There are many different reasons why this antediluvian ritual takes place. In ancient times, circumcision was regarded as a rite of passage. The act was a symbolic transformation from adolescence to adulthood. Many other ancient cultures participated in circumcising as a means for eliminating masturbation. Today, circumcision is performed for very different reasons. Parents who circumcise may do so out of religious beliefs. Some may circumcise because of social pressure. Many parents feel an obligation to circumcise in order for their child “fit in”. Others circumcise on the basis of health and hygiene concerns. Some even circumcise out of pure ignorance about the issues that arise from the procedure. While the motives for circumcision have constantly changed, the practice still remains. The effects of circumcision are damaging to the male child’s body and mind. Circumcision is a permanent decision forced upon a child with no say in the matter. These days, it is no longer considered a rite of passage or a sacrifice needed for salvation. The health benefits circumcision claims seem to be under-investigated and minimal. So why do Americans still circumcise their children? Perhaps it is the social stigma of remaining intact or the misguided health concerns. Maybe it is a lack of knowledge about circumcision. No matter what

The society already depicts the right and wrong behaviors in which men and women should adhere to, thus this already constructed norms and values maps the right and wrongful practices of sexuality in different communities. The gender norms already prescribe the expectations of sexuality in the society. For example, female genital mutilation is a rite of passage that detects every girl should undergo so that they can be termed as a woman and hence eligible for marriage in the society. The circumcision practice is a gender belief or norm that is only aligned to womanhood, but it affects the sexuality of these women. Other gender practices such as early or polygamous marriages have been the cause of what is termed as unsafe sexuality in the society. It should be noted that gender and sexuality significantly affect the basis of any society. These gender norms have led to increasing in disease transmission and illiterate

As an example, we can imagine a 14-year-old girl and her parents who move from Sierra Leone to the United States. In Sierra Leone, the practice of female circumcision is customary, and after talking it over with her mother, the girl expresses a wish to be circumcised. A social service agency