The Main Problems of Lexicography

Furthermore, in “Carmen 5” Catullus chose the “best words,” when describing the people, whose comments he and Lesbia should not be concerned about as “sour old men” (Gregory, L. 2). The actual Latin words for the

Shakespeare was very specific, in 1603, about his choice of words when he wrote the play, “Othello”. The three language devices – “words as power”, “words as character” and “words as conversation” with the audience – are used to create characters’ identities and fates, and also to drive the plot of the play (Krieger, 2012).

“The History of the English Language”. http://www.uni-due.de/SHE/. Univ. of Duisburg Essen. April 2013. Web 4 Oct. 2013.

A writer's craft of the English language, is like a spiders web, beautiful and unique. It is necessary so the story can be woven in to create a masterpiece. The author can change the story entirely by changing the way the narrator speaks. In “The Cask of Amontillado”, “The Scarlet Ibis”, and “The Lady, or the Tiger”, each craft of language provides a vivid background for the story to unfold. The way each writer provides certain vocabulary, and way of speaking enhances the reader's experience by giving the reader a chance to guess the time period. Readers also guess the area the story is taking place by using their knowledge that different regions in countries have different slang. The way the narrator speaks and which vocabulary they use creates

Through using powerful words in Othello, the human behaviour of the characters is either positively or negatively influenced. In the following essay the power of words in Othello will be discussed. Firstly, the effect powerful words can have will be explained. Secondly, an introduction paragraph will be given about the power of language devices. Thirdly, the language device, words as power, will be discussed. Fourthly, the language device, words as character, will be elaborated upon. Lastly, the language device, words as conversation with the audience, will be examined.

With most lexile levels above 1200, Shakespeare’s plays are too difficult for high school audiences who have lexiles far below that. These plays also consist of words that cannot even be found in a dictionary anymore, therefore students do not have the possibility to look up their definitions and struggle to understand their context. Not only do the plays’ lexiles tower over those of students and the language made to seem aristocratic, but Shakespeare mainly sets his plays overseas within a series of abnormal events, incomprehensible to those who have never experienced these setting types before. With the use of technology to modernize William Shakespeare’s plays, students may find there to be less hatred towards these dramas because of the difficulty to understand and more enthusiasm about reading this legendary playwright’s

As mentioned before, the research for this essay is primary in order to provide the most compelling and objective evidence. Sources that were obtained where dictionary definition in order to prove accurate original meaning rather than

Diction: the denotative and connotative meanings of words! What specific words did the author choose? Consider her word choice compared to another. Why did the author choose that particular word? What are the connotations of that word choice? • different words for the same thing often suggest different attitudes (happy vs. content vs. ecstatic) • denotative vs. connotative (dead vs. passed away) • concrete vs. abstract (able to perceive with 5 senses, tangible, vs. an idea or concept that exists in one’s mind, intangible) • monosyllabic vs. polysyllabic (Cats eat meat; felines are carnivorous animals.) • simple vs. ornate • positive vs. negative (slender vs. skinny, determined vs. stubborn) • colloquial / informal / formal / technical • cacophonous vs. euphonious (e.g., harsh sounding, raucous, croak or pleasant sounding, languid, murmur)

On 14.06.15. Gareth came to Mohamed, who had a word with him at 5:25 pm, during their normal conversation about Gareth’s well-being and his progress, Gareth mentioned that he had accessed to an informal overdraft of £500. Gareth said that he had drawn the money from a cash point/machine in two consecutive nights. And then gambled the entire money within two days. Gareth was asked if any other person had involved in taking or spending the money with him, but Gareth said he was all alone and blew it.

The Language Wars have been waged in the realm of English Literature, Language and Linguistics for years. Both sides of the argument are staunch believers in their position, but are more than willing to concede points to the other sides’ favour. In Bryan A. Garner’s essay, “Making Peace in the Language Wars”, he describes himself as a ‘descriptive prescriber’ (Garner, Making Peace in the Language Wars 2008, 270), and offers a truce that fulfils both sides of the argument as the crux of his essay. While the separate sides of the argument are relatively easy to define, it seems that no one sticks to them religiously, and the argument is between individuals fighting over individual points. The two sides are that of the descriptivist and that

Among the most important concepts to emerge are those relating to dialects and language standards. Sociolinguists have documented the presence of dialects in every language. These dialects, all of which are legitimate, are associated with educational, economic, social and historical conditions. Hence, even if an individual scrupulously studies all the possible dictionaries of a random language, he would still be somewhat of a stranger to that language since he is unaware of all the dialectal changes.

Along with the sound or rhythm of the play, Shakespeare?s vocabulary makes his plays more intriguing and very expressive. He introduced thousands of words into our language. It is hard for people today to understand some of the things Shakespeare said, because ?many words have fallen out of use, and in others the meaning has migrated, often a considerable distance?

Throughout twenty-centuries ago, writers thought that ordinary language and literary language were two different languages. But this is an analytical assumption. There is only one language, which

Translation can now be seen as a form of response that ‘recognizes, preserves, and even multiplies the ambiguities of the original text’ (Beals 2014: 288) and offers contemporary outlook or even solutions. The radical departures of Césaire’s translation from lexical and content equivalence can therefore be seen as a form of dialogue with Shakespeare’s original (ibid: 293). Indeed, traces of ambiguities being attended to and modern viewpoints regarding colonialism being inserted can be detected within A

It has been noted that while considering changing word meanings is vital to the diachronic study of language, the notion and practice of studying them has been historically belittled as an intellectual pursuit. Semantic change is often irregular and arbitrary as a concept, as its causes are wide-ranging and multi-faceted. However, critics such as Willem B. Hollmann now give weight and notoriety to studying semantics synchronically . By considering individual cases, one can explain some word changes and apply common rules. These often occur intra-linguistically or through common social or political changes, especially surrounding class conflict. However, although we can catalogue the semantic change of similar or groups of words, word