China Chapter 1

ships had to be unloaded so the freight could be carried overland, towns sprang up where the cargo could be stored and protected, and slipways were constructed so that the ships could be drug over land, so there was no way enemy ships or navies could attack.

5. What kind of historical impact does the “triangular trade” have on the present day economics system?

Once railroads were built, shipping by them became increasingly popular. Shipping domestically became cheaper and quicker, which elevated the U.S. economy. In Document E, the cost to ship by wagon is recorded to be twenty times the cost by railroad. Furthermore, the article describes wagon shipping “ was $1.77, while by rail it was less than a tenth of that amount.” Before the invention of the Transcontinental Railroad, trade was limited to wagons being driven for days on end. Few people considered the drive, so the price was high to ship. Besides high prices, canals were

CCOT ESSAY: Analyze continuities and changes in the ways ONE of the following regions participated in interregional trade during the period circa 1500 to 1750.

            The use of the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea let merchants travel to expand trade. With use of the silk road, and the sand roads, merchants brought mass produce and luxury items like silk, cotton, porcelain, and spices to trade for and with.  Inter-regional trade involved the Arabs, Africans, and Indians into trade and purchase more goods, which expanded trade even more.  Another discovery that played a major role in trade was the understanding and use of ocean currents and seasonal monsoons.  Nature played a role in allowing the people to plan their travel dates more accurately and safely.  Africa and Egypt became wealthy and powerful with their use of trade and being able to tax and charge merchants who were traveling through the county.

The Silver trade (1500-1750), which involved the global trade and exchange in silver, radically changed the global economy with the countries involved. The Silver trade had various direct and indirect social and economic implications with the countries involved, some subtle, while others were radical. More specifically, it put Europe in a dependant and subordinate position to China on an economic level. In terms of China, it was beneficial to the economy of China, while, on a social level, caused more suffering to the lower class.

The voyages of the treasure fleet were not to inhabit foreign lands, but to open up foreign dealings and international relations. Zheng He managed this and even established trading posts in many of the places he stopped at. These trading posts were also used as warehouses to store goods until they could be sold. He also built a chain of dispatch stations the merchants could stop and rest at. The dispatch stations were spaced out so that overnight stays would be easier for travelers and traders. All of this also helped China?s economy by making trades easier for merchants. Chinese authority also spread around the world because many Chinese traders moved out of the country to work in the warehouses.

Without the desire to acquire a safer trade route over sea to Asia, no one would have ever tried sailing west to get east. “The explorers of the fifteenth century and early sixteenth centuries did not set out to make a revolution in knowledge, but that is what they achieved,” wrote Christopher Farman in “The Ocean Adventures” found in Voyages of Discovery (Document 4). This quote shows how many of the explorers did not set out to find the Americas, but once they knew what it was the Americas were quickly integrated with their own world. Many of the foundational thoughts and ideas of today’s society would have never developed if not for this link between continents. Arthur M. Schlesinger makes note of this writing, “In fact it was precisely the contact with the Americas that stimulated Europe to develop further some of the principles we take for granted today as the basic minimum of human rights…” in Columbus on Trial (Document 5). Without all of this exploration the world would have continued to be stuck in isolation until inevitably some other group of people decide to explore the sea. Contact between the Old and New world would have happened at one point or

A British merchant, Ralph Fitch describes trade conducted by the Portuguese a great advantage in China since it reveals the mercantilist rivalries among European countries competing for East Asian trade dominance (Document 4). The purpose of this document is to show that a British merchant is concerned that Britain is missing out on opportunities to profit from global trade. Britain could make a great deal of money to be made in this trade if they could participate. This explains that the British want to have the world trade dominance. Eventually the Europeans became reluctant to continue shipping so much silver to East Asia. This is largely because they preferred to hoard the silver so that they could use it to pay mercenaries in their ongoing wars. An English scholar, Charles D’Avenant shows the English position on trade in 1697 that the global flow of silver’s influence on the mercantilist tendencies of European nations and the amount of silver leaving (Document 8). The purpose of this document is to show that D’Avenant concedes that there are problems with the Asian textile trade that the imported items have little use for people in Britain. Also that D’Avenant points out that Asia do not buy anything from the Europeans. This shows that silver might be leaving the country to be “buried” in China since the large demand for luxury goods. From 1500 to 1800, Mexico and Peru produced about

Trade encouraged the influx in prosperity and trade in China. In other words, trade was major aspect of the early Chinese society as it made up majority of Chinese economy. For example, the Silk Road located in China enabled for trade to happen from Asia to Europe. As stated by the National Geographic, “The Silk Road allowed for trade goods such as silk, cloth and clothing, as well as spices to spread from China to India, Arabia, Persia, Egypt, and extended all the way to Europe.” This Silk Road not only increased the trades occurring in the Ancient World but it also allow Chinese products to permeate throughout. This trade in China and its connection to the silk road also encourage means of cultural diffusion. “Trade goods produced in China were cloth and clothing, spices, and silk” as stated by National Geographic. This demonstrates

History is filled with economic booms and inventive ideas that shaped the world. The era around the seventh and fifteenth centuries was no exception to this. The native people of Eurasia unknowingly developed one of the most important systems of their times. They established the revolutionary Silk Road, which was influential to the growth and enlargement of Eurasia. The Silk Road, present during 600-1450 CE expanded cultures and religion, in particular Buddhism, however most microeconomics remained unchanged in the regions around the Silk Road.

Few if any sedentary polities have had as long or as complex a history of relations with nomads as Imperial China. This chapter surveys these relationships and considers their theoretical implications. These relationships were varied and complex. Imperial Chinese authorities understood some nomads as more threatening than others, and did so for both material and ideational reasons. Moreover, since the ideational foundations of the Chinese imperial polity differed from those of the Westphalian state, China found the idea of nomads less threatening than modern states often have.

China considered one of the largest economies in the world, it also has a vast emerging

This also helps in explain the last usage of waterways and bodies and their economic effect. In the transport industry, before the railroads came, people used water bodies to transport heavy and large cargo. Water bodies were the only linkage between continents and specifically, these three that traded in the Atlantic Ocean. This interconnectivity is even what led to the discovery of the Americas by the first person from the West. It is self-evident that ships have a huge capacity that the human caravans of beasts of burdens. Ships, on the other hand, had huge capacities and could

This essay will provide an analysis on the nature and consequences of winning and losing in the global trading regime, not limited to the international distribution of gains and losses from trade, but also looking at domestic distribution of wealth as a consequence from e ngaging in the traditionally neo-liberal global trading regime. Such an analysis will be done through specific cases, and will illustrate how free trade reforms impact people of different countries in different ways. This essay will also continuously examine the importance of the international institutions in not only how they