The Marxist And Feminist Perspectives

The human mind consistently wonders what if, and soon finds itself looking into the future for different possibilities in life. In Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, the reader finds Huxley exploring a nuance in humanity, creating a dystopia, where science becomes the new focus and humans are mass produced in test tubes. Huxley creates a world which contrasts to some aspects of what the world is today. In this dystopia, the values of people are in the technologies which are developed to speed the process of developing babies. Through Huxley’s effective use of syntax and diction, his use of literary techniques, the structure, and playing of theme, Huxley creates an image of a society that worships technology

Society in Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World was an exaggerated society of the United States during the 1920s. These extreme societal boundaries were unknowingly predicting the future. Brave New World developed a liberal trend toward materialistic views on physical pleasure. Throughout the novel, there was dependence on science for reproduction, open-minded views on sex and, ideological concepts that disvalue family and relationship. In the modern-day United States these views are reciprocal and ever-present, however, these views were not directly mirrored, values today are not completely lost.

In the novel, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Huxley includes allusion, ethos, and pathos to mock the wrongdoings of the people which causes physical and mental destruction in the society as a whole. The things that happened in the 1930’s plays a big contribution to the things that go on in the novel. The real world can never be looked at as a perfect place because that isn't possible. In this novel, Huxley informs us on how real life situations look in his eyes in a nonfictional world filled with immoral humans with infantile minds and a sexual based religion.

"'God isn't compatible with machinery and scientific medicine and universal happiness.'" So says Mustapha Mond, the World Controller for Western Europe in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World. In doing so, he highlights a major theme in this story of a Utopian society. Although the people in this modernized world enjoy no disease, effects of old age, war, poverty, social unrest, or any other infirmities or discomforts, Huxley asks 'is the price they pay really worth the benefits?' This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice.

In Aldous Huxley’s novel a Brave New World, published in 1931, there are several attacks on society. Throughout this essay it will be seen what these problems were and if they were fixed. If the problems were fixed, it must be determined when they were. The primary focus is to answer whether we have changed for the better, women’s role in society and the social classes. In the end it will be obvious that a perfect society is impossible but we have made improvement.

In Brave New World Aldous Huxley, creates a dystopian society which is scientifically advance in order to make life orderly, easy, and free of trouble. This society is controlled by a World State who is not question. In this world life is manufactured and everyone is created with a purpose, never having the choice of free will. Huxley use of irony and tone bewilders readers by creating a world with puritanical social norms, which lacks love, privacy and were a false sense of happiness is instituted, making life meaningless and controlled.

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, like most satires, addresses several issues within society. Huxley accomplishes this by using satirical tools such as parody, irony, allusion. He does this in order to address issues such as human impulses, drugs, and religion. These issues contribute to the meaning of the work as a whole by pointing out the disadvantages of having too much control within society.

Having been a somewhat of an outsider in his life, physically and mentally, Aldous Huxley used what others thought as his oddities to create complex works. His large stature and creative individuality is expressed in the characters of his novel, Brave New World. In crafting such characters as Lenina, John, Linda, Bernard, and Helmholtz, not to mention the entire world he created in the text itself, Huxley incorporated some of his humanities into those of his characters. Contrastly, he removed the same humanities from the society as a whole to seem perfect. This, the essence and value of being human, is the great meaning of Brave New World. The presence and lack of human nature in the novel exemplifies the words of literary theorist Edward Said: “Exile is strangely compelling to think about but terrible to experience. It is the unhealable rift forced between a human being and a native place, between the self and its true home: its essential sadness can never be surmounted.” Huxley’s characters reflect the “rift” in their jarred reaction to new environments and lifestyles, as well as the remnant of individuality various characters maintain in a brave new world.

As man has progressed through the ages, there has been, essentially, one purpose. That purpose is to arrive at a utopian society, where everyone is happy, disease is nonexistent, and strife, anger, or sadness is unheard of. Only happiness exists. But when confronted with Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, we come to realize that this is not, in fact, what the human soul really craves. In fact, Utopian societies are much worse than those of today. In a utopian society, the individual, who among others composes the society, is lost in the melting pot of semblance and world of uninterest. The theme of Huxley's Brave New World is community, identity, and stability. Each of these three themes represents what a Brave New World society needs

Using the critical text, Technology and Gender in Aldous Huxley's Alternative (?) Worlds by June Deery, I have discovered how deeply Brave New World illustrates the negative implications of technology. One insightful point that Deery establishes about the adverse implications of technology is its ability to reinforce gender bias, and how Brave New World particularly illustrates this. Brave New World is a unnerving, futuristic prediction and through the use of this critical text I have gained a better understanding of this, and how deeply the impacts of technology could become embedded in our lives. Deery astutely indicates multiple ideas in her critical text about the ability of technology to reinforce male dominance.

In conclusion, it is safe to say that Huxley 's utopia went about achieving its status in the wrong way. Mankind has lost its free will to the controlling powers of a system. This system cannot be called government, as it is more akin in characteristics to slavery. Man no longer has freewill and order is kept not through respect and intellect, but via degeneration and conduct. The former sections of this essay present strategies and techniques used to maintain order in a society of individuals. Finally, it may be argued that the Brave New World protects society by locking them in a cage of ignorance; however, this is at the cost of freedom, and this is unacceptable. Mankind needs be free in order to progress as has been explained. Protection is all well and good but not at the cost of

Socialist feminism which believes in a dual-system, indeed it focuses on both the public and private spheres and claims that woman freedom can only be achieved by working to end economic and cultural foundations of women's domination.

In this paper, we will analyze Catharine MacKinnon’s work Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda for Theory, and the unique way in which she tries to form a metaphorical parallel between Marxist theory and relate this to her stance on feminism. She uses this distinctive technique to develop her feminist theory of law. While most would agree that she is very innovative in her approach, we will try to examine the problems with looking at feminism and feminist theory in this manner. While not completely discrediting MacKinnon, the purpose of this paper will be to shed light on the dangers of trying to hijack Marxist theory, stifle it into a corner, and cover it in feminist theory, much like An Agenda for Theory does. We will then look at ways in which we can liberate Marxist theories form MacKinnon’s tight associations and give ideas to help them guide modern feminism as a helpful resource, instead of making it a clear cut metaphorical dictator to truthfully understanding Feminism and feminist theory.

That Nancy Hartstock should follow Karl Marx’s lead in developing her “Feminist Standpoint” - the perspective of the oppressed in a ‘phallocratic’ regime in order to describe the oppressive dynamics of the ruling gender – did not surprise me. Standpoint was the analysis that enabled Marx to accurately view and describe the exchange of values that ultimately benefits the bourgeoisie with surplus value and capital, much to the detriment of their workers (who are subsequently left to survive on subsistence-wages). Given its historic standing, political credentials, and academic regard, Marxist understanding of capital and capitalism would be the logical blueprint upon which to build a more modern analysis of similar social relations. In that regard, “The Feminist Standpoint” successfully succeeds in what it intends to achieve – to construct a unique female viewpoint from which to map out the long reach of a repressive patriarchy. As many feminist researchers have long known and advocated for, the view from the bottom-up is the one that will yield the widest view of the dominant group’s top-down subjugation (Hesse-Biber 2006).

When one reads literature, can it make a difference in his views? Can it change the way she thinks about various topics? Can it draw attention to situations going in today’s society? Before one answers this question, she should define and research what exactly is literature. According to a dictionary, “Literature is writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays” (“Literature”). Those writings can tell individuals what is going on in the world today, but does that mean that people will change what is going on? Literature can also tell individuals ways in which they can change or adapt to the